Conclusion: The Historical Perspective

6 important questions on Conclusion: The Historical Perspective

When did political and cultural globalization begin?

Political and cultural globalizations, although again they offer some earlier hints, seem to begin more decisively in the later nineteenth century.

What does current globalization reflect?

- Current globalization not only reflects recent policies and technologies. It also interweaves the many strands that began to take shape early on.
- One of its telling features, in fact, is its multifaceted quality, its blending of trade with culture, innovative politics with old-new patterns of disease transmission.

When did serious globalization blossom?

Serious globalization had blossomed in the later nineteenth century, but it did not bring uniform benefits and it suffered from excessive Western dominance - and it caused widespread pushback after World War I.
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What different views are there on China's global involvement?

Within China today, for example, intellectuals divide over whether globalization is a benefit or a curse, with some claiming that China can find greater world voice as well as prosperity through participating in globalization; but others damning the process as a Western-capitalist plot that will force China into a foreign mold - and this in a country that, many observers might argue, has particularly profited from new global contacts over the past two decades.

Why is economic globalization feared? What about cultural and political globalization?

- Economic globalization is widely feared, because it brings so much inequality and so many factors that escape regional governance, but cultural globalization is even more resented on grounds of loss of identity;
- only political globalization wins (bare) majority support, apparently because many people hope that more effective political agreements will help keep other aspects of globalization under control.

What tough questions are raised for the historical view of globalization?

- What is the most plausible point in time to date the beginnings of effective globalization? Are there different regional answers to this question?
- What have been the greatest problems attached to globalization, and are there ways to alleviate them?
- Is globalization likely to intensify in future and how? Or are we on the verge of at least a temporary retreat in the process?

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