Globalization since the 1940s - Policy Change
16 important questions on Globalization since the 1940s - Policy Change
What two kinds of policy innovation altered the framework for globalization?
- Crucial national decisions about relationships with global society.
Which two types of institutions were sketched after WW II? What did it reflect?
- This reflected the wide desire to find global solutions for the kinds of problems that had torn the world apart in the previous two decades.
- The economic institutions also reflected the growing role of the United States in world affairs and its commitment to free market capitalism.
Who is the United Nations? What did the creators of it hope?
- It was hoped that the new organization would be far more decisive in resolving conflicts and assuring peace than the League had been, and while the Cold War and later tensions disrupted this goal the UN did in fact play an effective role in a number of trouble spots, winning agreements to send troops from member countries in many instances.
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What happened at Bretton Woods? What was the goal there?
- The main goal of the conference was to win agreement from each participating country to maintain the exchange value of its currency in relationship to the price of gold, in order to prevent incapacitating fluctuations that could disrupt international trade and domestic economic performance alike.
Which institutions resulted from the meetings in Bretton Woods? What did these institutions do?
- Both organizations established voting rights for member nations, based on levels of economic contribution. The basic idea was to assure a free flow of trade and a commitment to collaboration in economic matters to prevent the kind of selfish national separatism that had clearly exacerbated the Depression.
What did the International Monetary Fund (IMF) do?
- The organization also had a fund that could provide loans to members to cover temporary trade deficits, while insisting on the adoption of economic policies it found suitable in return.
What was the task of what became the World Bank?
For what purpose was the World Trade Organization founded?
What results did the World Trade Organization have?
- Disputes over items like agricultural tariffs - where industrial nations tried to protect farming groups by limiting entry of foods produced, often more cheaply, elsewhere - were recurrent, and a number of international meetings ended in failure.
- Still, the effort was unprecedented and it had some obvious results. A number of countries, like China (admitted to the WTO in 2002) undertook significant reforms in order to participate fully in the global trading system.
What did critics say about the WTO?
- While massive depression was avoided, periodic regional crises continued and certainly the funds did not manage to lift all areas into sustained growth.
What does Interpol do? When was it founded?
- The organization coordinated police activities among member states, sharing data bases and playing an active role in dealing with crimes, such as terrorism or sex trafficking, that cross national borders.
Who became leading players in world trade and other global interchange?
When did China embrace world market?
When did Russia became more oriented towards a more market-based economic approach?
What consequences did the fall of European communism in 1989-91 have?
- Even Albania, long isolated even within the communist bloc, soon joined the parade. By the earlier twenty-first century only a few countries, notably North Korea and Burma (Myanmar), stood apart from.active international engagement, including extensive trade and travel, and by 2015 Myanmar was opening up to greater trade and tourism as well.
What did most regions decide about the importance of globalism?
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