The Great Retreat, 1914-1945, and a New Transition - Ambiguity and Persistence
8 important questions on The Great Retreat, 1914-1945, and a New Transition - Ambiguity and Persistence
What persisted and grew, regarding globalization, in the Great Retreat?
- Global trade and the big international companies continued at high levels of activity, though of course oscillating with internal economic conditions.
- Some new nations, like Turkey, vigorously introduced reforms aimed at adjusting local culture, including education, toward more global standards.
Where were study abroad programs first established? What was the thought behind it?
What is the League of Nations? Who became part of it?
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How did the League of Nations do during the Great Retreat? What did they become eventually?
- In the long run the League would provide some precedent for more effective international diplomatic and military action of the sort that would emerge with the United Nations after 1945; but it was the failure of the League, as much as its forward motion, that set the stage for later development.
What did the Great Depression in 1929 do to globalization?
- A number of countries, even before the depression, introduced new policies of import substitution, which protected local industries with high tariffs and government subsidies in order to limit dependence on imports of products like textiles and automobiles
What innovations cut into global travel?
Why did most European countries introduce strict passport requirements?
What result did the modern passport and visa requirements have?
- The steady increase in the paperwork involved in any kind of international travel, became a significant new component of global interactions.
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