Nutrition through the Lifespan and Diet and Disease
49 important questions on Nutrition through the Lifespan and Diet and Disease
What is the appropriate weight gain during pregnancy for a women of health weight?
What is the appropriate weight gain during pregnancy for an underweight women?
13-18 kg
What is the appropriate weight gain during pregnancy for an obese women?
6kg
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What is the appropriate weight gain during pregnancy for an overweight women?
What is required to support early fetal development
Which nutrient is particular is important during early fetal development that stops the formation of spina bifina?
State 2 reasons why B9 folate is important in early fetal development
- Requred to create DNA, this supports proper cell division
- stops spina bifina
How much supplementation of B9 is required during early fetal development and how long is the supplementation required for?
12 weeks
Infants require to eat more becuase of what 2 reasons?
- Need energy for running around
- small stomachs
What is the main benefit to breastfeeding for a mother and to which 2 cancers can it protect mothers from
- Main benefit is protection
- breast cancer
- ovarian cancer
What are the 3 benefits for infants that are breastfeeding?
- Balance nutrients
- provides hormones for physiological development
- improves cognative development
Which 4 nutrients increase in demand for a lactating mother?
macronutrients (energy)
vitamins (b9)
minerals (ca) and (P)
For a women wanting to get pregnant what are the 4 horsemen of preperation?
- Healthy body weight
- eating balanced diet
- enough physical activity
- stoping alcohol and smoking
What is the nutrient advice for young children and adolescents?
For adolescents what change do you want to be aware of?
For adults and elders what is their primary goal as they get older?
As we age we must change intake requirements change. What 7 factors change as we age?
- Water
- energy
- dietary fibre
- Vitamin b12
- Vitamin d
- calcium
- iron
What is the predominant cause of T2D?
Other than high BGL what other 2 (but to a lesser extent) is a cause of T2D? And what is the caviat?
T2D is primary a lifestyle disease
What 2 specific effects though visceral fat does obesity have on the body that contributes to T2D?
releases proinflammatory factors effecting metabolsim of nutrients
What are 4 bad outcomes what occur becuase of T2D?
- CVD
- Visual loss
- Amputations
- Renal failure
How is prediabetes and T2D different from one another
T2D is characterised by long term hyperglycemia
How can a doctor monitor BGL over the long term?
What is a non diabetic HbAc1 reading
What is a diabetic HbAc1 reading?
What are the 4 treatment methods for T2D
control weight
increase HDL and LDL
State both ways that makes losing body weight a treatment for T2D?
What can A person with T2D do to control BGL
State how increasing HDL:LDL is a treatment of T2D?
What 3 ANTHROPOMETRY test are used to identify obesity?
- BMI (>30)
- waist circumference (Male= >102cm & female= >89cm)
- waist to hip ratio (male= >0.9 & female = >0.8)
What are the 3 genetic disorders that cause obesity and what is the caviat to the relationship between obesity and these genetic disorders?
- Prader willi
- hypothyroidism
- cushing syndrome
What are the 2 primary ways to reverse obesity?
increase physical activity (3x/week 30mins)
To aid in reversing obesity what 3 food choices do you need to increase and why?
Complex carbohydrates (increase low GI)- dont spike BGL which disrupts metabolism
increase polyunsaturated fatty acids - increases the HDL to LDL ratio. HDL carry fat away from the cells to the liver for removal.
What is diabetes during pregnancy called?
When in the pregnancy journey is gestastional diabetes diagnosed in weeks?
Which 4 groups are at risk of developing gestastional diabetes?
- Women with a family history of T2D?
- Women >30
- obese people
- certain ethnic groups
What is the difference between T2D and gestastional diabetes?
If a women develops gestastional diabetes which 2 way can she treat it?
- increase exercise
- diet
If diet and exercise is not treating gestastional diabetes what can the doctor give to help?
What are the causes of osteoporosis what are unique respectively to men and women?
Men - low testosterone
What are 4 common causes of osteoporosis regardless of gender?
- Ca absorbption issues
- medication
- genetics
- low BMI
What is the bone profile of an individual w/osteoporosis
What are 2 dietary ways to treat osteoporosis?
increase Vitamin D, supports ca absorption
What is the non dietary prevention method for osteoporosis?
Hypertension is caused by a mixture of what 3 variables
genetics
behaviour encompassing alcohol, physical activity, sugar, smoking and to much nacl.
How does hypertension in collaboration with diabetes and dyslipidemia increase risk of CVD?
lipids attach to the damaged areas of the blood vessels eventually leading to atherosclerosis.
What are the 4 primary ways to treat hypertension?
lower alcohol
increase physical activity
lose weight
What is characterised as severe blood pressure/hypertension?
What is characterised as moderate blood pressure/hypertension?
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