Summary: Health Psychology

Read the summary and the most important questions on Health Psychology

• Hoofdstuk 1: Health Psychology Introduction

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• Behavioral Medicine / Medical Psychology

  Physical disorders - medicine. Behavioural medicine: Interdisciplinary field (psychology, sociology and health education) in relation to medicine. Integration of behavioural and biomedical knowledge. Medical Psychology: Clinical health psychologist (psychologist (psychologists working in medical setting-hospitals).

• First element of health psychology by Matarazzo

  Promotion and maintenance of health. Primary prevention. To reduce chance that a health problem will develop. Usually based on behavioral model rather than a disease model. Typically considered the most cost-effective form of health care.

• Second element of health psychology by Matarazzo

  The prevention and treatment of illness. Secondary prevention. Reduce the risk of disease onset or progression. Asymptomatic persons who have already developed risk factors or preclinical disease. Early case finding (screening e.g. mammogram)! Tertiary prevention. Care of established disease (minimize negative effects). Both secondary and tertiary prevention is provided by biomedical, behavioral (adherence to treatment) and psychologial interventions (example paper Duijts).

• Behavioral techniques improve outcomes

  Results are relevant for practitioners: better inform patients of psychosocial effects of breast cancer and its treatment. Develop strategies to minimize adverse effects (behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, education, relaxation, counseling. Reduce fatigue, depression, anxiety and stress).

• Third element of health psychology by Matarazzo

  The identification of etiologic correlates of health, illness, and related dysfunction.  The role of psychological factors in the etiological process. Etiology = study of causation (in medicine, etiology refers to the many factors coming together to cause an illness).

• Fourth element of health psychology by Matarazzo

  Health care system & health policy. Lack of health insurance is associated with delay in seeking emergency care for acute myocardial infarction. There are interesting studies which have examined the impact of different types of health care environment on patient well being and recovery.

• Hoofdstuk 2: The Role of Behaviour in Health

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• Socioeconomic status and health

  (SES), measurement is complicated: (1) occupation, (2) income, (3) education (problematic in the elderly!).
  
  Kankerpatient met hoge opleiding wordt beter behandeld: ze gaan zelf op onderzoek uit en stellen dingen voor aan de dokters. (Hoog opgeleide mensen wonen vaker rond de stad, niet in de stad). SES has an impact on social inequalities (e.g. smoking etc.).

• SES and health behaviour

  Health behaviours make a wide spread contribution to social inequalities in health. (smoking, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption). Behavioural factors are estimated to account for half of the premature death. Healthier lifestyles are key to reducing the incidence of these conditions, while early detection through screening and other medical assessments can improve outcomes.

• Health Behaviour Concept

  Health behaviours cluster and have a range of effects (veel roken, veel drinken, weinig beweging etc). Different behaviours may have common determinants. 

• Health risk behaviour

  Any activity undertaken by people with a frequency or intensity that increases risk of disease or injury. Smoking, being physically inactive; drinking a lot, and eating less than five servings of fruit and vegetables per day are negative health behaviours. The more of these negatives behaviours that are performed, the greater the risk of deaths from 'all causes', cardiovascular disease and cancer.