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What is the function of the cell membrane in a plant cell?

Flexible material that holds the parts of the cell together.
Selectively permeable to allow molecules to pass in and out.

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in an animal cell?

Important in the creation of lipids and hormones.
Transports these products throughout the cell.

Describe the cell wall in a plant cell.

Made of cellulose.
Thicker than a cell membrane.
Unique to plant cells.

Describe the role of lysosomes in an animal cell.

Created by the Golgi body.
Used to digest food.
Removes cell waste.

What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Functions as a protein manufacturing and packaging system.
Ribosomes attach to its surface.

What does the Golgi body do in an animal cell?

Gathers simple molecules.
Combines them into more complex molecules.

Explain the function of mitochondria in plant cells.

The cell's powerhouse where nutrients are digested.
Energy is created for the cell.
Responsible for cellular respiration.

Explain the function of vacuoles in an animal cell.

Acts as a storage bin.
Stores food, water, and waste.

What is the role of ribosomes in a plant cell?

Connect amino acids to build proteins in the cell.
These proteins are needed for cell functions.

What is the role of mitochondria in an animal cell?

Known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Where nutrients are digested.
Energy is created for the cell.

How does the cytoplasm function in a plant cell?

Jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
Holds the organelles.

How do ribosomes function in an animal cell?

Connect amino acids to build proteins.
Proteins are needed for cell function.

What is the function of the Golgi body in a plant cell?

Gathers simple molecules.
Combines them into more complex molecules.

Describe the cell membrane's role in an animal cell.

Material that surrounds the cell.
Holds the parts of the cell together.

Describe the function of the nucleus in a plant cell.

Control center of the cell.
Controls eating, movement, and reproduction.

What is the function of the nucleus in an animal cell?

Acts as the cell's command center.
Controls cell activity.

What role does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum play?

Important in the creation of lipids and hormones.
Distributes these products throughout the cell.

Explain the role of the nucleolus in an animal cell.

Found in the nucleus.
Makes ribosomes for the endoplasmic reticulum.

Explain the function of chloroplasts in plant cells.

Convert food by converting light energy into sugars.
Cells can use sugars.
Unique to plant cells.

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in an animal cell?

A protein and transport system.
Ribosomes attach to its surface.

What is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?

Storage bins where nutrients or waste are kept.
Much larger in plant cells than animal cells.

Describe the function of the cytoplasm in an animal cell.

Contains dissolved molecules.
Supports the cell and organelles.

What role do centrioles play in an animal cell?

Organelles that help the cell divide.
Important for cell reproduction.

Are lysosomes in plamt or animal cells? What do they do?

Lysosomes are primarily found in animal cells. They perform several critical functions:

Digest waste materials and cellular debris
Recycle damaged organelles
Break down macromolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates)
Participate in programmed cell death (apoptosis)

In plant cells, they may have similar structures called vacuoles that perform some of these functions.

Fill in blanks about lysosome. _ created by the golgi that are used to _ food.

Lysosomes are small organelles created by the Golgi apparatus that are used to:

Digest food particles
Break down waste materials
Recycle cellular components
Maintain cellular health

Vacuoles in plant, animal or both cells? Brief definition.

Vacuoles are membrane-bound compartments found in cells.

Plant cells contain large central vacuoles for storage and maintaining turgor pressure.
Animal cells may have small vacuoles for storage, but they are generally less prominent.
Both types serve various functions, including storage, waste disposal, and maintaining homeostasis.

Cytooplasm: plant animal or both and define.

Both plants and animals contain cytoplasm.

Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance found within the cell membrane.
It surrounds the nucleus and contains organelles.
Responsible for cell activities and transport, enabling chemical reactions.
Composed of water, salts, and proteins, which maintain cell shape and provide support.

Mitochondria plant animal both and define

Mitochondria are essential organelles found in many cells.

Function: Produce energy through cellular respiration.
Structure: Double membrane, with an inner membrane folded into cristae.
Presence:
- Plants: Support photosynthesis by providing energy.
- Animals: Crucial for metabolism and muscle function.
Reproduction: Can replicate independently within the cell.

Ribosomes: plant animal or both. Define.

Both plants and animals possess ribosomes, serving as essential cellular structures.

Function: Synthesize proteins using messenger RNA.
Structure: Comprised of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
Location: Found freely in the cytosol or on the endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
Types: Eukaryotic ribosomes (80S) and prokaryotic ribosomes (70S).

Chloroplasts - plant animal or both. Define.

Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells and some algae, but not in animal cells.

Function: Conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Structure: Contains chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color and absorbs light.
Origin: Likely evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria.

Nucleus - plant animal or both. Define.

The nucleus is an essential component found in both plant and animal cells.

Function: Serves as the control center for cellular activities.
Structure: Contains chromosomes made of DNA.
Components: Enclosed by a nuclear membrane, includes nucleolus.
Role: Regulates gene expression and oversees cell growth and division.

Golgi - plant, animal or both? Define.

The Golgi apparatus is present in both plant and animal cells.

Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
Structure: Composed of flattened membrane-bound sacs.
Role: Involved in the secretion of substances and the formation of lysosomes.
Importance: Essential for proper cellular function and organization.

Rough ER and Smooth ER - plant, animal, or both? Define.

Both Rough ER and Smooth ER are essential components of cells.

Rough ER:
- Has ribosomes on its surface.
- Involved in protein synthesis and processing.
Smooth ER:
- Lacks ribosomes.
- Involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

Both types are found in animal and plant cells.

What does protein synthesis mean?

Protein synthesis refers to the process by which cells create proteins.

Occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation
Transcription: DNA is used to produce messenger RNA (mRNA)
Translation: mRNA directs the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains
Essential for cellular functions, growth, and repair
Involves components like ribosomes, tRNA, and various enzymes

Apx how many cells does a person contain?

The human body consists of approximately:

37.2 trillion cells on average
Varied types, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and neurons
The exact number can change due to factors such as age, health, and size

This immense quantity contributes to the complexity of biological functions and systems.

What type of cells make up archaea and bacteria?

Prokaryotic cells comprise both archaea and bacteria.

No nucleus
Single-celled
Genetic material in plasmids
Cell wall present

Which organelles make protein?

Several organelles are essential for protein synthesis:

Ribosomes - These are the primary sites where proteins are assembled.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - The rough ER aids in processing and folding proteins.
Golgi Apparatus - Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery.
Nucleus - Contains DNA that provides the instructions for protein synthesis.

WHich is not a role of smooth ER? Detox, folding proteins, synthesizing lipids

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has specific functions:

Detoxification of harmful substances
Synthesis of lipids

It does NOT play a significant role in:

Folding proteins (this is primarily the function of the rough ER).

Which organelles do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?

Plant cells have unique organelles that are absent in animal cells:

Chloroplasts: Responsible for photosynthesis.
Cell wall: Provides structure and protection.
Central vacuole: Stores nutrients and helps maintain turgor pressure.

These features enable plants to perform specific functions not found in animal cells.

What contains the instructions for making proteins?

The blueprint for protein synthesis is found in DNA.

Genes in DNA hold the instructions.
RNA transcribes these instructions.
Ribosomes read the mRNA to assemble amino acids.
This process involves transcription and translation.

Which is not true of cell membranes? Maintains homeostasis, only exists in eukayotic cells, is semipermeable.

The statement regarding cell membranes that is false is:

Only exists in eukaryotic cells - This is incorrect.
Cell membranes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Maintains homeostasis and is semipermeable are true characteristics.

True or false. Cytoplasm supports the cell and organelles and plays a role in cell movement.

True
Cytoplasm provides support for cells and organelles.
Facilitates movement within the cell.

Which is not true
The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
All living things are made of cells
All cells contain genetic material inside a nucleus
All cells come from pre-exisiting cells.

One statement is incorrect regarding cells:

All cells contain genetic material inside a nucleus.
Not all cells have a nucleus, for example, prokaryotic cells like bacteria.
The other statements are correct:
- Cells are the smallest living units.
- All living things are composed of cells.
- All cells originate from pre-existing cells.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Honors Biology

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