Read the summary and the most important questions on Hoorcollege 3 ISM&N

• 1 Introduction: the big picture of social cohesion & the internet

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• What were the two contradiction early theories about the internet

  Dystopian & Utopian

• What is an utopian in regard to internet

  Utopian: The internet will liberate us from social boundaries, make information freely available, bring democracy.

• What is the dystopian in regard to the internet

  Dystopian: The internet will erode social cohesion, estrange us from each other.

• What is the old community question of Wellman (1979). What are the three outcomes?  What is Wellman his view on this

  Does internet destroy community, networks and social capital
  · Community lost: “Lost scholars have seen modern urbanites as alienated isolates who bear the brunt of transformed society. 
  · Community saved: It doesn’t really matter, people will stay in groups
  
  · Community liberated: communities in urban areas may not be the same as rural areas but they still exist with different dynamics, but they are liberated from geographical focus.
  Wellman his view is that communities are liberated with different dynamics.

• What are Sub questions of cohesion question. This can be micro and macro

  Micro level: to what extent are individuals connected to society around them? (Attachment vs detachment) E.g loneliness  readings vriens & van ingen
  Macro level : To what extent are different social groups interconnected (integration vs segregation  readings ackland 

• 2 Internet & Cohesion - Detachment

• 2.1 The displacement hypothesis

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• What is the displacement theory

  Displacement hypothesis: time spent online is time not spent offline with friends and family→negative effect on social relations and well-being

• 2.1.1 Classic study by kraut et al (1998)

• What was the classic study of kraut et al and what were the three results

  Classic study by Kraut et al. 
              Kraut et al. (1998) “internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being
  
  
  Results
  - Increase in depression and loneliness
  - Decline in communication with friends and family
  - Smaller social networks

• 2.1.1.1 Kraut et al. (2002) follow up

• What is the follow up of Kraut et al; What happened to the original effects and what were possible explanations for this

  
  Kraut et al. (2002): the sequel because there was no control group
  · Follow-up to the original sample
  · New sample with control group
  · Negative effect has disappeared
  · Internet usage associated with higher wellbeing and more social involvement
  
  
  Possible explanations for changing effects:
  · More people are online
  · New technology (online social networks) aimed at maintaining existing relations
  · “Self-disclosure” hypothesis

• 2.4 Vriens & Van Ingen (2017)

• What is the study of Vriend & Van Ingen

  ·  Dutch NELLS panel (2010&2013)
  · Longitudinal data  allows for observing change over time for the same people
  · Social media use: How much time d you spend chatting and being active on friends networks (Facebook, skype, msn, Hyves, CU2, etc.)
  · In the past 6 months, with whom did you discuss important matters (max 5)
  Testing the hypotheses
  
  1. More social media use associated with larger core discussion networks
  2. More social media use not associated with less talking to core ties
  3. More social media use associated with more dynamic networks
  
   Social media may help to make core ties more specific

• 2.5 The displacement one and two

• What are the two core displacement theories currently existing

  · If social media use leads to larger networks.
  
  · … Are strong ties replaced by weaker ties?
  
   Core networks should become smaller with social media use (BECAUSE TIME IS LIMITED)
  
  
  
  · Media richness theory: quality of social media is of poorer quality than face-to-face
  
   time spent on social media goes to the expense of talking to core ties