Summary: Inleiding In De Ethiek

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• 1 Hoorcollege 1 - Inleiding

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• What is the definition of 'Ethics' or 'Ethos'?

  An attitude or habit of action.

• What do we aspire to do with ethics?

  To live well as a human being.

• Ethics as a philosophical discipline critically examines ....?

  What makes acts right and wrong.

• What are three branches of moral philosophy?

  1. Meta-ethics. What is the status of moral claims? How can we know what makes acts right?
  2. Normative ethics. What are our moral duties? Which character traits counts as a virtue or a vice?
  3. Practical ethics. What obligations does one have to the global poor? Under what conditions is an abortion morally permissible?

• What is the fallacy of denying the antecedent?

  1. If I'm riding a bike, then I'm alive. 2. I'm not riding a bike. Therefor, 3. I'm not alive.

• What is the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

  1. If God exists, morality is objective. 2. Morality is objective. Therefor, 3. God exists.

• What is the Ad Hominem fallacy?

  This occurs when someone decides to attack the opponent instead of providing a logical argument (e.g. Only an idiot would say that...).

• What is the Strawman Fallacy?

  Rewriting the opponents arguments. They say 'cats make great pets'. You say: 'so you're saying you hate dogs?'.

• What is the Appeal to Authority?

  When someone relies on an authority figure, even when it's outside of their field of expertise (doctor said this... But they listened to a cardiologist when they actually need a psychiatrist).

• What is the Appeal to Irrelevant Emotions?

  Playing on someone's emotions to win them over in an argument (e.g.: I need an A otherwise I'll lose my scholarship).