Summary: Inleiding Psychologie Ii

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• 1 Memory & Attention & Conciousness

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• How do psychologists see the mind as a computer?

  They see the mind as a computer, a processor of information where information can be entered from one pathway like a keyboard (sensory store) or  from another pathway information can be taken from the hard drive (long-term memory)

• What are the three type of memory stores (geheugenopslag) in the brain and how do they differ from each other in function, duration and capacity?

  There are three types of memory stores;
  
  Sensory memory - unconcious
  Short-term working memory - concious
  Long-term memory - unconcious
  
  

  • In sensory memory only a few units are kept and information which doesn't get concious attention gets lost.

  
  

  • In short term working memory, items who don't get attention are lost within seconds and 7+ or -2 units can be kept at the same time 

  
  

  • In long term memory, information could possibly be kept for an infinite duration with an infinite capacity 

• Why is long term memory considered important?

  Long term memory is considered important because it's the stored representation of all knowledge. Long term memory allows us to recognise a taste, remember the words to our favorite song and lets us remember how to spell those words.
  
  Information in the Long Term Memory stays dormant until it's retrieved by the working memory. 

• What did brain imaging find in relation to glucose and executive functioning processes?

  Brain imaging scans found that higher executive processes use up more glucose than less demandful processes like automatic processes.

• What two processes can mental processes (mentale processen) be divided in and what is considered dual processing?

  Dual processing is the usage of both effortful and automatic thinking used mainly during problem solving.
  
  Effortful processes - more often concious
  Automatic processes - often unconcious

• What is meant with effortful processing and what type of speed thinking is that?

  Effortful processes are processes that require mental resources like learning to drive or learning to read. They can be more automatised with lots of effort.
  
  Effortful thinking is slow thinking. It requires time and energy and is conscious. It could be analytic

• What is meant with automatic processing and what type of speed thinking is that?

  Automatic processes are processes that don't require a lot of mental resources and no short-term memory. 
  
  Automatic processes are considered fast thinking, intuitive and associative thinking.

• What is the 4 part hypothese about automatic thinking process?

  1. Automatic thinking occurs without attention or awareness
  2. Automatic thinking doesn't interfere with executive processes
  3. Automatic processes do not improve with practise
  4. Automatic processes are not influenced by intelligence and education   

• What is the stroop interference effect an example of and how does it compare to the wisconsin card sorting task?

  The stroop interference effect is an example of being unable to shut down fast thinking - even when it leads to the wrong answer.
  
  The amygdala plays a role in the fast thinking, which is also used in the Wisconsin card sorting task where the rules aren't explicitly told and is only provided feedback

• What is the similarity between the stroop interference and the ponzi & muller-lyer illusion?

  In both cases the automatic processing of the fast system is responsible for the mistakes or visual illusion.