Read the summary and the most important questions on Intercultural Competences | 9781000024791 | Patrick T.H.M. Janssen

• 1 PP lesson 1

  This is a preview. There are 11 more flashcards available for chapter 1
  Show more cards here

• How is culture learned?

  We learn culture by socialization and programming

• What is the biggest pitfall in intercultural communication?

  The assumption that if you see no problems, there are no problems

• What are the 3 layers of the onion model

  Inner layer; basic assumptions
  
  middle layer; norms, values and beliefs
  Outside layer; symbols & products and rituals & behavior
  
  Universal 

• 2 PP lesson 2

  This is a preview. There are 7 more flashcards available for chapter 2
  Show more cards here

• How can we measure cultural differences?

  In order to be able to describe cultures properly in relation to each other, a specific universal characteristic is looked at, which each culture has, but is carried out differently in each culture.

• What are the 6 basic assumptions of the Kluckhohn Model

  1. Does a culture live in harmony with nature and the environment or does it wish to dominate them?
     
  2. Is the culture focused on the past, present or future?
  3. Is it a task-oriented culture or relation-oriented culture? Are we a 'do' culture or a 'be' culture
  4. Individual or collectivist?
  5. View of the physical space, is it more private or public?
  6. Human nature; are people bad or good by definition? 

• Does a culture live in harmony with nature and the environment to does it wish to dominate them?

  1. In cultures where nature is dominated, the people survive by managing nature
     
  2. In cultures which are in harmony with nature, people survive without thoroughly managing and controlling nature. They adapt to the given natural situation

  
  
  Example; 
  Dominated is like building sturdy houses, resistant to rain, storms and lightning stikes and dikes
  Living in harmony with nature; building houses on poles, holes in the road are one if they still work etc. 

• Is the culture focused on the past, present or future?

  Past; traditions are important, inspiration by historical events, past is a part of the identity of every person in that group - Russia
  
  Present; plans are made short term, things from the past are important but are not dwelled upon for too long - Belgium 
  
  Future: Focus on particular on goals in the near future or further away - US

• Is culture task or relation oriented? Are we a 'do' or 'be' culture?

  Do cultures; performance and performing tasks are important, live to work. People set goals  and take action, pleasure in working through the work itself, responsibilities, promotion etc. (US, Northern Europe)
  
  
  Being cultures; people are relationship oriented, work to live, fun in working by nice colleagues. Relationships ar the most important and are a condition for doing business in that culture. (Africa, Southern Europe, South America)

• Physical Space more private or public?

  In North America and Northern Europe, people are much more used to private spaces such as a private bedroom for children. 
  
  
  In Asia and Africa, many families find it terrible to sleep separately. 

• 3 PP lesson 3

  This is a preview. There are 13 more flashcards available for chapter 3
  Show more cards here

• What are the 3 levels of mental programming of behavior and thinking?

  Bottom; all people show universal behavior which is in our DNA
  Middle; A group of people shows cultural behavior which is learned and programmed
  Top; Every individual shows individual behavior which is in our DNA and Learned