Read the summary and the most important questions on Intro to Nursing

• 1 Historical Perspective/Pre-Civilization

• 1.1 Theory of animism

• What are the three points to the theory of animism

  - Belief that good and evil spirits bring health or illness
  - Physician as medicine man
  - Nurse portrayed as mother caring for family (nurturing role)

• 8 Key points highlighted in chapter 1 (FIRST 4)

  
  1. Health care providers and nurses had separate roles; providers were often medicine men, while nurses were usually mothers providing care and herbal remedies.
  
  2. Ancient Greek temples became centers of medical care due to the belief that illness was caused by sin and gods' displeasure.
  
  3. Ancient Hebrews developed rules for ethical human relationships, mental health, and disease control, with nurses caring for the sick at home and in the community.
  
  4. In the early Christian period, nursing gained a formal and defined role, with deaconesses and male religious orders providing care.

• 8 key points highlighted in chapter 2 (SECOND 4)

  
  5. Nursing orders were founded during the Crusades, and hospitals were built to care for pilgrims, elevating nursing's status.
  
  6. In the 16th century, Western societies shifted focus from religion to warfare, exploration, and knowledge expansion.
  
  7. Monasteries and convents closed, causing a shortage of caregivers.
  
  8. Women convicted of crimes were recruited into nursing as a solution, but they faced poor reputation, low pay, and harsh working conditions.

• 1.2 Historical Perspective

• What were the main 2 points about Ancient Greek civilization

  
  }Ancient Greek civilization
  ◦Temples became center of medical care.
  ◦Nurses cared for the sick in the home and community; practiced as nurse-midwives.

• 1.3 Historical Perspective/Beginning of 16th Century

• Early Christian period connection to Nursing?

  Nursing has formal and more clearly defined role

• 16th century nursing history - 3 points?

  - focus on religion replaced by focus on warfare
  - exploration and expansion of knowledge occurred
  - shortage of nurses - criminals recruited
  Nursing considered disreputable

• 1.7 Historical Perspective/1950s to Present

• 1950s to Present nursing history?

  
  }Nursing broadened in all areas
  ◦Practice in a wide variety of health care settings
  ◦The development of a specific body of knowledge
  ◦The conduct and publication of nursing research
  ◦Recognition of the role of nursing in promoting health
  ◦Increased emphasis on nursing knowledge as the foundation for EBP lead to growth of nursing as a professional discipline 

• 2 Contributions to Nursing

• 2.1 Contributions of Florence Nightingale

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• 7 points - Florence Nightingale contributions to nursing?

  
  }Defined nursing as both an art and a science
  }Identified personal needs of patient and role of nurse in meeting them
  }Established standards for hospital management
  }Established nursing education and nursing as a respected occupation for women
  }Recognized the two components of nursing: health and illness
  }Established nursing education
  }Believed that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine

• First four points of Florence Nightingale contributions to nursing (self-wrote)?

  
  1.Social reforms in the 19th and 20th centuries reshaped the roles of nurses and women in society.
  
  
  2.Florence Nightingale, born in 1820, played a pivotal role in the development of modern nursing.
  
  
  3.Despite opposition from her family, Nightingale started her nursing training at 31.
  
  
  4.The Crimean War presented her with an opportunity to organize nursing care for a military hospital in Turkey.

• 2.2 Contributions of Florence Nightingale (2)

• Other 5 points - Florence Nightingale contribution to nursing?

  
  }Stressed the need for continuing education for nurses
  }Recognized two components of nursing—health and illness
  }Recognized nutrition as important to health
  }Instituted occupational and recreational therapy for sick people
  }Maintained accurate records/beginning of nursing research