Summary: Introduction To Brain And Behavior | 9781464139604 | Bryan Kolb, et al

Read the summary and the most important questions on Introduction to Brain and Behavior | 9781464139604 | Bryan Kolb; Ian Q. Whishaw

• 1 What are the origins of brain and behavior?

• 1.1 The brain in the twenty-first century

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• Minimally conscious state (MCS)

  A patient can display rudimentary behaviors but is otherwise unconscious

• Persistent vegetative state (PVS)

  A patient is alive but unaware, unable to communicate or function

• 2 What is the nervous system's functional anatomy?

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• 2.1 Overview of brain function and structure

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• Inferior (bird), Ventral (four-legs)

  Near the belly

• 2.3 The central nervous system: mediating behavior

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• Basal ganglia (forebrain)

  Voluntary movement of body parts

• Law of Bell and Magendie

  Sensory fibers are dorsal/posterior and motor fibres are ventral/anterior

• 2.6.1 Principle 1: the nervous system produces movement in a perceptual world the brain constructs

• Principle 1: The nervous system produces movement in a perceptual world the brain constructs.

  Movements are related to sensations, memories and other factors. What we perceive are approximations of what is actually present.

• 2.6.2 Principle 2: neuroplasticity is the hallmark of nervous system functioning

• Principle 2: Neuroplasticity is the hallmark of nervous system functioning.

  Experience alter the brain's organization, and this neuroplasticity is needed for learning and memory. Forgetting is presumably due to a loss of the connections that represented the memory.

• 2.6.3 Principle 3: many brain circuits are crossed

• Principle 3: Many brain circuits are crossed.

  Most brain inputs and outputs serve the opposite (contralateral) side of the body. Loads of neural connections link the brain's left and right sides, the most prominent connection being the corpus callosum. This principle is not true for olfactory sensation and the SNS, ANS and ENS connections.

• 2.6.5 Principle 5: the brain is symmetrical and asymmetrical

• Principle 5: The brain is symmetrical and asymmetrical.

  The left and right hemispheres look like mirror images, but they have some dissimilar features. This asymmetry is essential for integrative tasks, language and body control. For instance, it prevents our hemispheres from both wanting to walk a different way. Language is left, spatial functions are right.

• 2.6.6 Principle 6: brain systems are organized hierarchically and in parallel

• Principle 6: Brain systems are organized hierarchically and in parallel.

  Visual information goes from the eyes into regions that detect the simplest properties, then to another region that determines more complex properties until at the most complex level it is understood. But also, one set of pathways process the colour and shape of a car, and at the same time other pathways process movements necessary to open the door.