Motor system - Muscle
15 important questions on Motor system - Muscle
What is the function of muscles?
What are the characteristics of smooth muscle? How are the individual cells shaped?
- Carries out the unconscious routine tasks of the body (such as moving food down the digestive system, keeping the eye in focus and adjusting the diameter of blood vessels)
- are stimulated by the non-conscious or autonomic nervous system as well as by hormones
- Cells are spindle-shaped, being fatter in the middle and tapering off toward the ends
What are the characteristics of smooth muscle? How are the individual cells shaped?
- Carries out the unconscious routine tasks of the body (such as moving food down the digestive system, keeping the eye in focus and adjusting the diameter of blood vessels)
- are stimulated by the non-conscious or autonomic nervous system as well as by hormones
- Cells are spindle-shaped, being fatter in the middle and tapering off toward the ends
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What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle? How are the individual cells shaped?
- only found in wall of heart
- composed of branching fibers that form a three-dimensional network
- muscle cells contract spontaneously and rhythmically, without outside stimulation (however a pacemaker coordinates the heart beat). Nerves and hormones regulate this rhythm
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle? How are the individual cells shaped?
- is the muscle that is attached to and moves the skeleton, under voluntary control
- is composed of elongated cells or fibres lying parallel to each other and have multiple nucleus (unusual)
- each cell contains a lot of microscopic fibers each one with its own striped appearance
- Stripes are formed by two different sorts of protein that slide over each other making the cell contract
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How are skeletal muscle cells distinctly different from cardiac and smooth muscle cells?
- cells are called fibers, their plasma membrane is called sarcolemma, the cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm, the endoplasmic reticulum is called sarcoplasmic reticulum and the contracting structures within a myofibril of a muscle cell are called sarcomeres.
- Within a sarcomere are bundles of thick and thin myofilaments.
- bundles many myofibrils together (into a cell somewhat like a packet of spaghetti.)
- are joined end to end to form a long strand called a myofibril.
What are thick myofilaments composed of?
What are thin myofilaments composed of?
With what is each cell/fiber surrounded with?
How is a bundle of muscle fibers called?
What is a "ezelsbrug" to differentiate tendons and ligaments?
Ligaments Link bones at joints
How is the middle part, which hets fatter when the muscle contracts, called?
How is the origin/begin of the muscle called?
How is the movement called when the biceps contracts (and the triceps relaxes) the lower forearm is raised and the angle of the joint is reduced?
What is a reflex action?
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