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• 1 Lecture 4 Cortical Dementia

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• What are the diagnostic criteria for a delirium?

  - Develops over a short period of time and tends to fluctuate.
  - It's a disturbance in cognition.
  - It is not explained by another neurocognitive disorder.
  - There is evidence that the disturbance is a direct physiological consequence of another medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal, toxin or multiple aetiologies.

• What are the diagnostic criteria for Mild Cognitive Disorder?

  - Evidence of modes cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains.
  - Cognitive deficits do not interfere with the capacity for independence in everyday activities.
  - Cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of a delirium.
  - Cognitive deficits are not better explained by another mental disorder.

• What do you see in NPA in amnestic MCI?

  - Memory: short term and delayed recall, and shallow learning curve.
  - Executive functioning: slowing, and intact comprehension

• Which brain areas are involved in MCI?

  Medial temporal lobe atrophy
  Hippocampus
  Entorhinal cortex

• What are the diagnostic criteria for Major neurocognitive disorder?

  - Evidence of significant cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains.
  - Cognitive deficits interfere with the capacity for independence in everyday activities.
  - Cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of a delirium.
  - Cognitive deficits are not better explained by another mental disorder.

• What are the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease?

  - Dementia
  - Insidious onset
  - Clear-cut history of worsening
  - Initial and prominent cognitive deficits in memory, language, EF, visuospatial.

• What is found with NPA in Alzheimers'?

  - Memory: Short term more affected than the past, and shallow learning curves.
  - Orientation: time, place, later also in person.
  - Visuoconstruction: problems with construction and copying.
  - Executive functioning: slowing, fluency, perseveration, disinhibition, and compromised comprehension.
  - Language: word finding, naming problems

• What are biomarkers for Alzheimers'?

  - PET amyloid deposition
  - Reduced levels of amyloid-B and elevated levels of phosphorylated tau and total tau in the CSF
  - Hippocampal and temporopariertal atrophy on MRI
  - Temporoparietal hypometabolism on F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET

• What do you see in EEG in theta, alpha, beta and delta activity in Alzheimers'?

  Increased theta activity, combined with decreased alpha activity, and decreased beta activity. Later also increased delta activity.

• What are the two subtypes of frontal lobe degeneration?

  - Frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant
  -  Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)