Buddhist Art

19 important questions on Buddhist Art

What is the date (century) and function of the following?

  • Lion capital, Ashokan Pillar, Sarnath
  • c. 250 BCE
  • polished sandstone
  • symbol of imperial authority and a commemorative marker of (likely) the sit of the Buddha’s first sermon (talk on a religious subject) and it’s a buddhist symbol (buddha’s royal lineage and his spiritual authority). The Dharma Chakra (wheel) beneath represents Buddha’s teachings and path to enlightenment.  

What is the date (century) and function of the following?

  • The Great Stupa (Mahastupa)
  • 3rd century BCE (c. 250BCE)
  • It houses relics of the buddha or its disciples, pilgrimage and worship site, dome represented cosmic mountain (Meru) or the buddha’s seated form. 

What impact did Gandhara style have on Chinese art?

Gandhara: realistic humanized buddha, standing or seating. Influence: before largely aniconic, first human depictions of the Buddha
Mathura: round face, broad shoulders, fleshy body, smiling, thin transparent robe.
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Identify Gandhara style and Mathura style from the following.

Gandhara style

Identify Gandhara style and Mathura style from the following.

Mathura style

Identify Gandhara style and Mathura style from the following.

Gandhara style

Which tradition are Chinese Buddhist practitioners generally associated with, Mahayana Buddhism or Theravada Buddhism?

Mahayana Buddhism

Identify the meaning of the following terms: Buddha, Avalokiteśvara, Bodhisattva.

  • Buddha “awakened one” Teacher of Dharma (Siddhartha Gautama)
  • Avalokitesvara “Lord of Compassion” saves beings from suffering (Guanyin)
  • Bodhisattva “Enlightenment Being” Delays nirvana to help others

1. Which are the following sites located (in which city and provinces)?  Mogao caves, Yungang caves, Longmen caves

  • Mogao caves (Dunhuang, Gansu province)
  • Yungang caves (Datong, Shanxi province)
  • Longmen caves (Luoyang, Henan province)

Understand the modeling techniques of Buddhist sculptures

Clay modeling Technique:
1. Prepare a wooden frame
2. Bind straw and reeds with ropes onto the wooden frame
3. Model the sculpture with mud, and add detailed textures with cotton or hemp.
4. Apply a layer of plaster, and then paint with pigments 

Understand stenciling techniques used in Buddhist wall painting

Only the Buddha and the monk and bodhisattva on his right side were drawn in ink. The paper was then folded over and holes pricked through both layers. Ink and pricked outlines on paper.

What is the function of the mirror in the painting below?

It’s the karma mirror, it reflects the deceased’s past actions exposing their sins and virtues to the judges (the Ten Kings)

1. When (century and dynasty) and where (city and province) were Lu Xinzhong’s illustrations of the ten kings made?

In the 13th century in Ningbo Zhejiang Province (Centre of Buddhist art and commercial painting during the Song dynasty).

Identify their titles, dates (century or dynasty) and material

  • A ceramic Jar
  • 3rd century CE (Six dynasties)
  • soul jar (funerary object to house the soul) 

Identify their titles, dates (century or dynasty) and material

  • Money tree
  • bronze with glazed low-fired ceramic base
  • 2nd century CE (Han dynasty)
  • symbolic burial object for prosperity in the afterlife.  

Identify their titles, dates (century or dynasty) and material

  • Figure of Buddha
  • Gild bronze
  • 338 CE (Later Zhao)
  • representation of buddhist spiritual devotion

Identify their titles, dates (century or dynasty) and material

  • Seated Buddha Shakyamuni in Meditation with Flaming Shoulders
  • Gandharan style
  • gild bronze
  • 3rd early 4th century (Six dynasties period)
  • representation of buddhist spiritual devotion  

Identify their subject matter and dates (century or dynasty)

  • Two Legendary progenitors: Nüwa and Fuxi
  • c. 6th century CE
  • Cave 285 of Mogao caves

Identify their subject matter and dates (century or dynasty)

  • Fuxi (left, associated with yang and holding a try-square) and Nüwa (right, associated with yin and holding a compass)
  • Tang dynasty
  • Painting on silk 

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