Read the summary and the most important questions on Managing and Shaping Innovation | 9780199262267 | Fred Steward

• 1 Introduction - Key Themes, Concepts, and Definitions in the Study of Innovation

• 1.2 Distinguishing between 'discovery', 'invention', 'design', 'innovation', 'diffusion', and 'change'

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• What is the defenition of discovery?

  The process of recognizing or observing for the first time a particural natural phenomenon or object. It may be viewed as part of the process of invention, e.g. fire was discovered, but methods of creating fire had to be invented. A discovery may arise out of chance, but 'chance favours only the prepared minds'. 

• What is the difference between innovation and change?

  All innovation presupposes change, but not all change presupposes innovation (i.e. novelty or newness).

• 1.3 Distinguishing between different types of innovation output

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• What is a product innovation and give an example.

  A novel tangible artefact, including materials and components, those based on high as well as low technology, and those aimed at individuals or organizations. Example: mobile phone, ready made meals and new building equipment.

• What is a service innovation and give an example.

  Intangible and involving the undertaking of a novel activity for another individual or organization. Example: online grocery shopping and home delivery.

• What is a process innovation and give an example.

  Novel technological processes (as distinct from organizational processes), often increasing the efficieny and thereby decreasing costs. Example: DNA fingerprinting.

• What is a organizational/administrative innovation and give an example.

  Novelty in organizing or the undertaking of processes or tasks within an organization. Example: TQM and virtual team-working.

• What is a delivery innovation and give an example.

  Novelty in the delivery of products or services. Example: mobile breast cancer screening facilities (busses), which shift provision out of hospitals and into local communities.

• What is a  marketing innovation and give an example.

  Novelty in the marketing of products or services. Example: Product placement in films.

• What is a business model innovation and give an example.

  Novelty in the 'drivers' of an organization's activities or strategy. Example: Low-cost airlines (e.g. Easyjet) and internet firms (Google) which generate revenue through advertising rather than the services they provide. 

• What is an institution innovation and give an example.

  The establishment of an organization with a novel role, whether within the private, public, or not-for-profit sectors. Example: The United Nations and the World Trade Organization were highly innovative formations.