Neuroanatomy - Sensory Pathways
62 important questions on Neuroanatomy - Sensory Pathways
Summarize the sensory process of sensation
2. Sensory receptor converts stimulus into nerve impulse
3. Impulse is sent to brain via afferent neuron
4. Signal is integrated in the brain to produce a sensation
What are the three characteristics of sensation?
What determines the sensory modality carried by a sensory neuron?
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Which types of neurons are able to exhibit sensory adaptation?
What are the two main classifications of general senses?
2. Visceral sensation
Which sensations are under the category of somatic sensation?
2. Thermal sensation
3. Pain sensation
4. Proprioceptive sensation
Which sensations are under the category of visceral sensation?
2. Fullness
3. Cardiac rhythm
4. Respiration
Which sensations are special senses?
What are the three factors that determine the classification of sensory receptors?
2. Activating stimuli
3. Type of stimulus detected
What is the location, activating stimuli, and function of exteroceptors?
Activating stimuli - stimuli originating outside the body
Function - provide information about external environment
What is the location and function of interoceptors?
Function - provide information about internal environment
What is the location and function of proprioceptors?
Function - provide information about body position, muscle length and tension, position and motion of joints, and equilibrium/balance
What stimuli do photoreceptors detect?
What stimuli do mechanoreceptors detect?
What is the function mechanoreceptors?
2. Maintaining equilibrium
3. Monitors stretching of blood vessels and internal organs
What stimuli do thermoreceptors detect?
What stimuli do thermoreceptors detect?
What stimuli do chemoreceptors detect?
What are the 3 somatic sensory pathways?
2. Anterolateral/spinothalamic pathway
3. Spinocerebellar pathway
Which of the somatic sensory pathways are 3 neuron pathways?
Which of the somatic sensory pathways are 2 neuron pathways?
Where does the 1st order neuron of a 3-neuron somatic sensory pathway relay sensory information to and from?
Where does the 2nd order neuron of a 3-neuron somatic sensory pathway relay sensory information to and from?
Where do all 2nd order neurons of a 3 neuron somatic sensory pathway decussate?
Where does the 3rd order neuron of a 3-neuron somatic sensory pathway relay sensory information to and from?
What sensory information does posterior column medial lemniscus pathway carry?
Where does the 1st order neuron of posterior column medial lemniscus pathway carry information to and from?
What do the ascending axons of the 1st order neurons in the posterior column medial lemniscus pathway form?
1. Fasciculus cuneatus
2. Fasciculus fracilis
Where does the two bundles of ascending axons from the 1st order neurons of posterior column medial lemniscus pathway carry information from?
Fasciculus gracilis - carries information from lower thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and lower limb
Where is the cell body of the 2nd order neuron from the posterior column medial lemniscus pathway located?
How does the 2nd order neuron of posterior column medial lemniscus pathway synapse with the third order neuron?
Where does the 3rd order neuron of posterior column medial lemniscus pathway project to and from?
What does multiple sclerosis (MS) cause?
What are the possible symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in posterior column medial lemniscus pathway?
Loss of dexterity
Loss of ability to identify an object by touch alone
What sensory information does anterolateral/spinothalamic pathway carry?
Where does the 1st order neuron of anterolateral pathway receive sensory information from and relay it to?
Where is the cell body of 2nd order neuron in anterolateral pathway?
How does the 2nd order neuron of anterolateral pathway synpase with the 3rd order neuron?
Where does the 3rd order neuron of anterolateral pathway project to?
What is syringomyelia and how does it affect the anterolateral pathway?
What is the purpose of a tractotomy of the anterolateral pathway?
What sensory information does the spinocerebellar pathway carry?
What is the function of spinocerebellar pathway?
Where does the 1st order neuron of the spinocerebellar pathway relaying sensory information to and from?
Where is the cell body of the 2nd order neuron of spinocerebellar pathway located?
What are two possible pathways for axons of the 2nd order neurons in spinocerebellar pathway to ascend to the cerebellum?
2. Posterior spinocerebellar tract
How do axons of the anterior spinocerebellar tract reach the cerebellum?
How do axons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract reach the cerebellum?
What is Friedreich's ataxia?
What are the general sensations from head and neck carried by CN V (trigeminal)?
What are the general sensations from head and neck carried by CN VII (facial)?
- Cutaneous/skin sensation from part of external ear
What are the general sensations from head and neck carried by CN IX (glossopharyngeal)?
- Sensation from eustachian tube of middle ear
What are the general sensations from head and neck carried by CN X (vagus)?
- Sensation from external ear
What is the name of the system that includes CN V, VII, IX, and X for general sensations from head and neck?
Where are the 1st order neurons of the trigeminal sensory system located?
List the two nuclei of the 2nd order neurons in the trigeminal sensory system?
2. Descending spinal trigeminal nucleus
Which cranial nerve's 1st order neurons synapse with the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus?
Which cranial nerve's 1st order neurons synapse with the descending spinal trigeminal nucleus?
Which cranial nerve has its 1st order neurons synapsing with both the principal sensory and descending spinal trigeminal nucleus?
How do axons of 2nd order neurons carrying information about touch and pressure synapse with 3rd order neurons? (regarding trigeminal sensory system)
How do axons of 2nd order neurons carrying information about pain synapse with 3rd order neurons? (regarding trigeminal sensory system)
Where do the third-order neurons project to?
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