Read the summary and the most important questions on nutrition behavior

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• Theory of planned behavior (TPB)

  Theoretical basis, assumptions of theory, and practical application of questionnaire
  behavior, intention, attitude
  -> leads to "intention-behavior gap'

• Engel's Law; Food spend drops with affluence

  Based on his research on budgets of countries :
  -proportion of income people spend on food decrease with increased income.

• What happens to a person's food beliefs when they adapt a 'nutritionism' way of viewing food?

  Their food beliefs become dogmatic (they cannot be convinced otherwise): they view 'food as a religion'
  
  EX: veganism, detox diets, clean eating, mindful eating, keto, tracking calories, intermittent fasting etc.
  (In reality, nutrition and these approaches should be viewed as a toolbox: some tools are more useful than others for different people and/or goals)
  

• What 3 reasons cause people to adapt to a 'nutritionism' way of viewing food/nutrition?

  1. Finding a sense of belonging by aligning yourself with a popular way of eating
  2. Need for control over food in one's environment
     
  3. Vocabulary around food and health is moralized: food is talked about as if it is 'good' or 'bad'

• Nutritionism has led to a phenomenon called 'diet wars', in which people develop dogmas about their health and nutrition based on strong opinions instead of evidence. The problem with this sensationalized, click-bait, media-driven mass hysteria that blames food 'killing' people or programming people to eat unhealthily, is that it leads to 2 effects:

  1. Creating uncertainty and a lack of trust 
     
  2. Making the consumer feel powerless in their food choices

• Psycho-somatic theory/ emotional eating:

  Eating may reduce anxiety, and that the obese overeat in order to reduce discomfort

• What is the AMDR for nutrients such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates?

  Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
  
  Protein: 10-35%
  Fats: 20-35%
  Carbohydrates: 45-65%
  

• Boundary model (Herman and Polivy);

  Cognitive restraint eventually fails and prompts greater energy intakes

• As GDP gross domestic product (how much people earn) increases, how does the macronutrient distribution intake of protein, fats and carbs change?

  Protein: stays stable
  Fats: increases
  Carbohydrates: decreases

• What two theories does the Differential Sensitivity Hypothesis combine to explain food behavior in obesity?

  Psycho-somatic theory/emotional eating + externality theory (Schachter)