CVS - ANGINA

31 important questions on CVS - ANGINA

What are some risk factors to avoid or treat for the prevention of IHD?

  • Smoking
  • High Fat Diet
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • etc

What medications are used for unstable angina?

  • Beta-blocker, CCB, and Organic Nitrates are used for unstable angina.
  • Anti-platelet drugs like Low dose Aspirin 75mg decrease thrombosis incidence.
  • Anticoagulation example: Heparin IV.

How can the risk and progression to MI be reduced?

  • Use anti-platelet drugs, e.g. Low dose Aspirin
  • Use hypolipidemic agents, e.g. Statins, Fibrates
  • Higher grades + faster learning
  • Never study anything twice
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Discover Study Smart

What is used for an acute attack of Typical Stable Angina?

  • Nitroglycerine spray or tab
  • Isosorbide (mononitrate active metabolite) SL tabs

What surgical procedures are used for unstable angina?

  • Revascularization to restore blood flow.
  • Angioplasty surgery involves using a balloon to stretch a blocked artery, e.g., to prevent MI.

What are the clinical uses of Propranolol?

  • Stable & Unstable Angina
  • Hypertension
  • Arrhythmia
  • Tremors
  • Thyrotoxicosis

What is used for prophylaxis in Typical Stable Angina?

  • Long-acting nitrates like isosorbide dinitrate
  • Sustained release formulations (duration 12 hours or more)
  • Other drugs: Amyl nitrate, β-blocker, or CCB

What are the clinical uses of Amlodipine?

  • Stable & Vasospastic Angina pectoris
  • Hypertension

What is done if there is an inadequate response to a single drug in Typical Stable Angina?

  • Another drug from a different class is added to increase beneficial effects and decrease undesirable effects.

What are the common side effects of Amlodipine?

  • Headache
  • Nervousness
  • Dizziness
  • Constipation
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Etc

What are the clinical uses of Atenolol, Nadolol, Metoprolol, and Celiprolol?

  • Stable & Unstable Angina
  • Hypertension

What is the pharmacologic management for Vasospastic Angina?

  • Organic Nitrate + CCB

What do Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) and β1-adrenoceptor blockers target?

  • Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) target the LTCC (L-type calcium channels).
  • β1-adrenoceptor blockers target β1-AR (beta-1 adrenergic receptors).
  • Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem are examples of CCBs.
  • Noradrenaline interacts with β1-AR.
  • cAMP and cAMP-PK are involved in the signaling pathway.
  • SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) stores Ca²⁺.
  • PLN and SERCA are involved in calcium regulation.
  • RyR (ryanodine receptor) releases Ca²⁺ for contraction.

What are the clinical uses of Nifedipine?

  • Vasospastic & Stable Angina
  • Hypertension (SR preps only)

What are the drug names listed under Organic Nitrates?

  • Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN); Tab/spray
  • Nitroglycerine SL, Spray or IV
  • Amyl nitrate
  • Isosorbide dinitrate

Why are Beta-blockers contraindicated in Vasospastic Angina?

  • They are contraindicated because they produce coronary spasm.

What are the common side effects of Atenolol, Nadolol, Metoprolol, and Celiprolol?

  • Bradycardia
  • Bronchospasm
  • Hypotension
  • Depression
  • Impotence
  • Urine retention
  • Mask glycemic symptoms
  • Cold extremities

What are the classes of anti-angina drugs?

The classes of anti-angina drugs include:
  • Organic Nitrates
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers)
  • ACE inhibitors

Describe the mechanism of action for Organic Nitrates.

Enzymatically converted to active Nitric Oxide (NO) – a potent peripheral vasodilator acting on vascular smooth muscle.

What are the common side effects of Nifedipine?

  • Dizziness
  • Light-headedness
  • Headache
  • Nervousness
  • Constipation
  • AV block
  • Flushing
  • Rash
  • Etc

What are the clinical uses of Diltiazem and Verapamil?

  • Angina
  • HTN
  • Arrhythmia
  • Atrial fibrillation or flutter

What are some modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors?

  • Unhealthy cholesterol levels (Dyslipidemia)
  • High blood pressure
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity or overweight
  • Inactivity
  • Unhealthy diet
  • Old age-men > 45 years, women > 55 years
  • Family history

What are the pharmacological effects of Organic Nitrates?

  • Reduce preload & afterload
  • Decrease myocardial workload resulting in decreased myocardial O2 demand

What is Typical Stable Angina also known as?

Typical Stable Angina is also known as Exertional Angina or Artherosclerotic Angina.

List the side effects associated with Organic Nitrates.

  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Severe throbbing headache
  • Flushing
  • Dizziness & Syncope

What are the common side effects of Diltiazem and Verapamil?

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Edema
  • Angina
  • Bradycardia
  • AV block
  • Flushing
  • Rash
  • Headache

What causes angina according to the pathophysiology of angina pectoris?

Angina results from transient episodes of ischemia due to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and oxygen demand.

What triggers Variant Angina and when does it usually occur?

Variant Angina, or Vasospastic Angina, is triggered by exertion or emotional stress. It usually occurs between midnight to morning and occurs at rest.

What factors contribute to increased oxygen demand in angina pectoris?

Increased demand is due to:
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased ventricular wall tension
  • Increased ventricular contractility
  • Exertion & Emotional stress

What is Unstable Angina also referred to as?

Unstable Angina is referred to as Pre-infarction angina, Crescendo angina, or Angina at rest. It occurs when the heart is not receiving enough blood.

What factors contribute to decreased oxygen supply in angina pectoris?

Decreased oxygen supply is due to:
  • Decreased coronary blood flow
  • Fixed Atherosclerotic narrowing

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

  • A unique study and practice tool
  • Never study anything twice again
  • Get the grades you hope for
  • 100% sure, 100% understanding
Remember faster, study better. Scientifically proven.
Trustpilot Logo