GIT - Proton pum inhibitors (PUD) - Anti-acids
20 important questions on GIT - Proton pum inhibitors (PUD) - Anti-acids
What are the pharmacological targets for acid regulation related to the parietal cell?
- M3: Muscarinic antagonists affect the Ca²⁺-dependent pathway.
- H2: H₂ antagonists affect the cAMP-dependent pathway.
- EP3: Misoprostol affects the parietal cell.
- H⁺, K⁺ ATPase: Proton pump inhibitors target this enzyme.
What are the functions of NaHCO3 in the GIT?
How do NSAIDs affect acid regulation?
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What are the advantages of Aluminium Hydroxide?
- Long duration of action.
- Very effective.
- It does not release CO2, thus does not cause distension.
- It does not induce changes in acid-base balance.
How do antacids affect drug bioavailability?
What role do muscarinic antagonists play in acid regulation?
What are the components included in local antacids?
- Aluminium hydroxide
- Calcium carbonate
- Magnesium hydroxide
- Magnesium trisilicate
What are the disadvantages of Aluminium Hydroxide?
- Constipation (combined with Magnesium salts which have laxative action).
- Hypophosphatemia leading to osteomalasia.
- Chelates Tetracyclines, Digoxin, Iron salts, and Anticholinergic drugs in intestine.
- Encephalopathy in renal failure.
What role do metal ions in some preparations play in drug interactions?
How is H. pylori related to acid regulation?
What are the advantages of Calcium Carbonate?
- Potent
- Rapid onset
- No change in systemic pH
What are the clinical uses of systemic antacids like NaHCO3?
- Peptic ulcer (for immediate relief of ulcer pain)
- Treatment of hyperacidity
- Treatment of acidosis
- Urinary tract infections
- Urate stones (by alkalinization of urine)
- Treatment of salicylate toxicity (by alkalinization of urine)
What is the function of sucralfate and carbenoxolone in acid regulation?
What is an example of a systemic (absorbable) antacid?
What are the disadvantages of Calcium Carbonate?
- Constipation.
- Milk-alkali syndrome with milk (40% of Calcium is absorbed).
- Hypercalcuria, Renal stones.
- Rebound hyperacidity due to gastrin release.
What are the two main actions of antacids?
- Increase stomach pH, relieving pain caused by ulcers.
- Decrease gut hyper-motility.
What are the advantages of using sodium bicarbonate as an antacid?
What are the three main categories of anti-acids?
- Local Non-absorbable Anti-acids
- Systemic (absorbable) Antacids
- Complex anti-acids
List the disadvantages of sodium bicarbonate as an antacid.
- Can cause rebound hyperacidity by increasing HCl secretion
- Dissolves mucous in the stomach
- Results in systemic alkalosis on continued use
- Alkalinization of urine leading to phosphate stones
- Short duration of action
What are examples of Systemic (absorbable) Antacids?
- Sodium citrate
- Sodium bicarbonate
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