SKIN - Burns (DEF & PATHO) - Responses to Burns and Assessment

11 important questions on SKIN - Burns (DEF & PATHO) - Responses to Burns and Assessment

What are the steps in the Primary Survey for assessment?

  • Airway & Spine stabilization: open the airway
  • Breathing: verify
  • Circulation: check
  • Disability: do quick neuro exam
  • Exposure/environment: examine

What is the initial effect of a burn in the conditions leading to burn shock?

The initial effect of a burn is an increase in vascular permeability. This leads to edema and a decrease in intravascular volume, contributing to burn shock.

What actions are included in the Secondary Survey?

  • Reassess A, B, C, D, and E
  • Monitor vital signs, head to toe assessment
  • Identify any associated injuries
  • Obtain history
  • Ask questions about events, tetanus
  • Prophylaxis and pain medication
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What are some responses to a major burn injury?

  • Altered immunological defenses
  • Renal dysfunction, etc
  • Pathophysiological changes
  • Initial systemic event is hemodynamic instability due to loss of capillary integrity and shift of fluid, sodium, and protein from the intravascular space into interstitial spaces.

How does decreased blood volume contribute to burn shock?

Decreased blood volume leads to increased peripheral resistance, which contributes to burn shock. This is a result of edema caused by increased vascular permeability.

What type of response do burns less than 25% produce?

Burns less than 25% produce primary local response. They do not typically cause systemic effects and are not considered major burns.

What changes occur in intravascular volume and hematocrit during burn shock?

Intravascular volume decreases, leading to an increase in hematocrit and viscosity. These changes contribute to increased peripheral resistance and burn shock.

What happens when burns exceed 25%?

Burns greater than 25% produce both local and systemic response and are considered as major burns. This includes significant physiological changes.

How does increased viscosity affect the conditions leading to burn shock?

Increased viscosity, resulting from decreased intravascular volume and increased hematocrit, leads to increased peripheral resistance, contributing to burn shock.

What causes systemic responses in burns?

Systemic responses are due to release of cytokines and other mediators into the systemic circulation. This leads to various physiological effects.

What are some effects of systemic responses to burns?

  • Tissue edema
    • Effects on fluid, electrolytes and blood volume
    • Cardiovascular responses (cardiac output, hypovolemia, B.P, PR)
    • Pulmonary responses (inhalation injuries, broncho-constriction, acute respiratory failure or respiratory distress syndrome)

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