Evolution of the immune system - Evolution

5 important questions on Evolution of the immune system - Evolution

What are key concepts of Darwinian Evolution?

  1. Variation
  2. Inheritance
  3. Struggle for existence
  4. Natural selection
  5. Descent with modification

How many proteins could LUCA encode with its genome?

2600, comparable to modern prokaryotes

How does LUCA link to immunology?

LUCA possessed an ancient primitive immune system, including CRISPR-like defense mechanism (stores snippets of invader DNA within own genome to identify and cleave matching foreign DNA)
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What are some defense mechanisms in bacteria?

- ALL innate mechanisms except for CRISPR (adaptive)

1. Adsorption block 
2. Injection block
3. Replication block
4. Restriction modification (cutting phage DNA apart)
5. Cell suicide
6. CRISPR

What is the CRISPR-Cas mechanism in bacteria?

Capturing small pieces of invading phage DNA, storing them in the host cell's genome, and using these molecular memories to locate and eliminate matching phages

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