Where is the immune system located in the animal's body? - Ways to destroy a pathogen
4 important questions on Where is the immune system located in the animal's body? - Ways to destroy a pathogen
What are some ways to destroy a pathogen?
- Swallowing pathogens: engulfing pathogens whole or by breaking them down
- Killing infected cells: Killer cells stop the virus in the cell that is multiplying by finding them and killing them
- Blocking or suppression of pathogens via antibodies: B cells attack pathogens via DIY antibodies to stop bacterial toxins from working
How do Natural Killer cells destroy infected cells?
What are mechanisms to killing infected cells?
2. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: FcYRIII (also known as CD16) is a low affinity receptor for Fc region of IgG antibodies found on NK, neutrophils, macrophages, that bind to antibody-antigen complex and initiate pathways that lead to granzyme and perforin release, killing infected cells.
3. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis: Macrophage FcyRs recognize antibody-antigen complex, initiating signaling pathways that lead to phagocytosis of infected cell
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What are direct mechanisms in which a pathogen is destroyed?
- Bacteriolysis
- Opsonization: tagging and then macrophage eating (more efficient when bacteria coated with antibodies)
- Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- Agglutination
- Neutralization: Antibodies can attach to viruses to prevent them from entering cells
entering cells. And viruses that can't enter cells can't multiply - Secretion blockade
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