Exocrine Pancreas - Splanchnic circulation

7 important questions on Exocrine Pancreas - Splanchnic circulation

What supplies the majority of blood to the GI tract?

Sphlanchnic circulation: celiac, cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric

How is blood flow to the GIT increased?

1. Neurotransmitters, gut hormones, other messengers
2. Nutrient absorption
3. Increased metabolic activity

How is blood flow to the GIT decreased?

1. SNS (NE) stimulation, vasoconstriction
2. A few prostaglandins
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What causes gastric ulcers?

Chemicals and pathogens that directly damage the gastric mucosa and reduction of gastric bloodflow (e.g. NSAIDs/glucocorticoids/blockage of COX2)

Why does blood flow to gastric mucosa lead to prevention of ulcers?

Production of alkaline mucus by surface mucus cells depend on blood flow

What is the issue with countercurrent blood flow in villi?

Oxygen diffuses from the artery to the veins throughout their course to the tip of the villus, so PO2 decreases drastically at the tip of villus.

What happens to villi in hypoxia?

1. Mild ischemia: increased capillary permeability -> diarrhea
2. Moderate ischemia: sloughing of tips of villi/entire villi -> ulceration/bleeding
3. Severe: muscle layer damage -> peforation, peritonitis

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