Innate Immunity II-2 - The microenvironment of the cell
3 important questions on Innate Immunity II-2 - The microenvironment of the cell
What are microenvironmental factors that can affect a cell?
- Neighbouring cells
- Immune cells and non-immune cells
- Physical and mechanical factors
- Oxygen levels, pH, and fluid movement
- Extracellular matrix
- Proteins and molecules offering structural support
- Signaling molecules
- Cytokines, chemokines, and hormones
Example of microenvironmental factors changing cells
Mast cells cultured in the presence of different cytokines: Mucosal (blue dye) vs connective tissue type (orange dye) with different granule contents
DCs cultured in the presence of different cytokines (suppressive vs inflammatory/PAMP): suppressive (TGF-b and IL-10) cultured DCs migrate less to lymph nodes for adaptive immune response compared to inflammatory (GM-CSF and LPS) cultured DCs
DCs cultured in the presence of different cytokines (suppressive vs inflammatory/PAMP): suppressive (TGF-b and IL-10) cultured DCs migrate less to lymph nodes for adaptive immune response compared to inflammatory (GM-CSF and LPS) cultured DCs
How can microenvironment affect neutrophils?
IFN-B, IL-12 can induce neutrophils to be N1, more anti-tumor.
TGF-B can induce neutrophils to be N2, more pro-tumor.
TGF-B can induce neutrophils to be N2, more pro-tumor.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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