Central carbon metabolism

20 important questions on Central carbon metabolism

What kind of different functions does the inhibition and regulation of catabolism have?

Prevent toxic accumulation of a product, coordinate connected metabolic pathways, adjust to environment and control timing of secondary metabolism

What are the main functions of metabolism?

Conversion of energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes and the conversion of food to building blocks

Into what two processes can metabolism be divided?

Catabolism and anabolism
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How much mole ATP can be gained per glucose molecule?

30-38 moles

What is the net result of stage I of glycolysis?

1 molecule of glucose is turned into 2 molecules of G3P

How much ATP does stage I of glycolysis cost?

Two

What reactions of stage I of glycolysis are reversible?

Reaction 2, 4 and 5

What reactions of stage I of glycolysis are irreversible?

Reaction 1 and 3

What is the net result of stage II of glycolysis?

1 molecule G3P is turned into pyruvate

What reactions of stage II of glycolysis are reversible?

Reactions 6 - 9

What reactions of stage II of glycolysis are irreversible?

Only reaction 10

What is the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?

An alternative to glycolysis in some prokaryotes

What is the net yield of the ED pathway compared to glycolysis?

1 ATP less and 1 NADPH instead of a 2nd NADH

Why would organisms use the ED pathway instead of glycolysis?

Because the ED pathway needs less enzymes

What is the pentose phosphate pathway?

An additional pathway to the glycolysis/ED pathway that provides precursor molecules for anabolism and a major producer of NADPH

What is the first stage of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Irreversible oxidation and decarboxylation reactions

What is the second stage of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Non-oxidative stage, with nonoxidative, reversible sugar interconversions BUT no NADPH production

What are the two coupled steps of pyruvate oxidation?

Oxidative decarboxylation and transfer to CoA

What is the TCA cycle?

The main source of electrons for respiration and generates energy stored in guanosine triphosphate (GTP), NADH and FADH2

What kind of reactions does the TCA cycle include?

Four redox reactions, one substrate-level phosphorylation and two decarboxylation steps.

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