Psychiatric/ neuro
70 important questions on Psychiatric/ neuro
What are the defense mechanisms listed?
- Undoing: Symbolically take away a prior action.
- Compensation: Make up for real or fancied deficiencies.
- Sublimation: Unacceptable instincts into socially accepted areas.
What do dissociative disorders impair?
- Awareness
- Memory
- Identity
What are the key facts about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
- Significant impairment in social/occupational areas.
- Genetics as a cause.
- Diagnosed before age 18.
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What behaviors are seen in the triggering phase of aggression?
- Muscle tension
- Changes in voice quality
- Tapping of fingers
- Repeated verbalizations
What is dissociative amnesia associated with?
- Trauma
- Stress
What are the manifestations of ASD?
- Impaired social interaction
- Impaired verbal communication
- Restrictive interests
- Repetitive activities
- Insistence on routine
- Temper tantrums
- No fear of real danger
What is suppression in defense mechanisms?
- Conscious exclusion of thoughts.
- Voluntary holding back of emotions.
- Done deliberately to manage stress.
What are some crisis phase behaviors in aggression?
- Loss of control
- Fighting
- Rage
- Kicking
- Throwing things
What is a maturational crisis?
- Predictable transitions
- Human development stages (Adolescence, Marriage, Retirement)
What is the focus of psychological contact in somatoform disorders?
- Focus on emotional, relational needs.
- Direct attention to psychological, not just physical.
What nursing interventions are suggested for the triggering phase?
- Empathic support
- Verbalization
- Use calm statements
- Place client in a quiet area
What defines Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
- Two or more personalities
- Each in charge at a time
- Stress-related transitions
What are positive signs in schizophrenia?
- Hallucination
- Delusion
- Disorganized speech
- Abnormal motor behavior
How should a therapist direct therapy for somatoform disorders?
- Relate therapy to symptoms.
- Encourage finding explanations and solutions.
Define projection as a defense mechanism.
- Attributing personal thoughts to others.
- Projects own feelings onto someone else.
- Deflects blame or guilt.
What physical signs of intoxication are associated with stimulants?
- Hyperactivity
- Increased vital signs
- Euphoria
- Weight loss
Describe what depersonalization-derealization disorder is characterized by.
- Quality self-change (self-detachment)
- Detachment from environment
What are suggestions for care in spiritual distress?
- Listen to client’s feelings.
- Validate client’s feelings.
- Observe and listen empathetically.
- Non-judgmental atmosphere.
- Use clarification techniques.
What are symptoms of anorexia nervosa?
- A: Amenorrhea
- N: No appetite
- O: Obvious weight loss
- R: Reducing behavior
- E: Emaciation (pronounced)
- X: Xerostomia (dry mouth)
- I: Immature growth
What are negative signs in schizophrenia?
- Anhedonia
- Asocial behavior
- Alogia
- Avolition
What is important for a patient to do in therapy according to the goals of treatment?
- Understand emotional roots and importance.
- Participate actively in therapy.
What is reaction formation?
- Acting opposite to true feelings.
- Displays exaggerated opposite attitudes.
- Conceals actual desires.
What are withdrawal effects of narcotic/opiates?
- Runny nose
- Yawning
- Muscle cramps
- Fever
What are nursing interventions for dissociative disorders?
- Reassurance
- Explore feelings
- Manage stressors
- Discourage dissociation
- Grounding techniques
- Medications
What is one risk factor of suicide?
- I: ideation, onset of thinking
- P: plan, having formed a plan
- M: means, method available
What criteria qualify for hospitalization in anorexia nervosa?
- Weight loss ≥ 15% over 3 months
- Provides ≤ 5 lbs weight gain
- Structured meals: 2-3 times/week
- Unaltered meals under 30 mins
- Monitor for 1 hour post meal
What should you remember about abuse and violence?
- Assess thought and perception
- Observe for signs of abuse
- Maintain safety first
What characterizes "withdrawal/sx" in alcohol withdrawal management?
- Stage 1: Tremor, nausea, vomiting.
- Timing: Begins 6-8 hours after cessation.
Describe what displacement is.
- Shifting emotions to a safer object or person.
- Redirects feelings from true source.
- Often involves anger or frustration.
What physical signs suggest hallucinogen intoxication?
- Dilated pupils
- Hallucinations
- Increased vital signs
What does the Integrated Dual Disorder Treatment (IDDT) model reduce?
- Relapse of substance abuse
- Hospitalization
- Incarceration
- Service costs
What are the appearance features of mania in bipolar disorder?
- Uncoordinated colorful clothing
- Disheveled: untidy, unkempt, poor hygiene
What is the priority for cognitive disorders intervention?
- Decline in mental ability
- Stages: mild, moderate, severe Alzheimer's
What are the criteria for bulimia nervosa hospitalization?
- Hypokalemia
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Dependence on laxatives
- History of vomiting (self-induced)
What interventions might help in delayed abuse situations?
- Encourage expression of feelings
- Document observations
- Educate on coping strategies
What steps are involved in the maintenance and rehabilitation for alcoholism?
- Support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous.
- Long-term management with WHO programs.
What withdrawal effects might someone experience from cannabinoids?
- Lack of appetite
- Depressed mood
- Headache
What are some therapeutic communication techniques in psychiatric nursing?
- Patient-centered
- Acknowledge feelings
- Encourage action
- Present reality
- Active listening
What are the appearance features of depression in bipolar disorder?
- Monochromatic clothing
- Disheveled: untidy, unkempt, poor hygiene
What are characteristics of Cluster A personality disorders?
- Paranoid: mistrust, suspiciousness
- Schizoid: detachment, restricted emotions
- Schizotypal: eccentric behavior, odd beliefs
Which needs have priority in patient care?
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
What characterizes repression?
- Unconscious blocking of unwanted thoughts.
- Memories pushed out of awareness.
- Often due to trauma.
What are crisis phase nursing interventions during aggression?
- Prepare for “show of force”
- Medication use
- Restraints
List some non-therapeutic communication techniques.
- Using "why"
- Giving false reassurance
- Passing the buck
- Offering opinions
- Arguing
Describe behavior characteristics in bipolar disorder for mania.
- Hyperactive
- Attention seeker
- Competitive
- Aggressive
What are the stages of Alzheimer's disease?
- Mild: 3-4 years
- Moderate: 2-10 years
- Severe: 5-10 years
What is the primary feature of bulimia related to body weight?
- Losing or maintaining body weight by vomiting (not due to high calories)
How should child abuse be recognized?
- Frequent injuries
- Delays in treatment
- Fears caretaker
What is an example of conversion as a defense mechanism?
- Mental stress transforms into physical symptoms.
- No medical cause.
- Symptoms include pain, paralysis.
How should anxiety and mood disorders be managed at mild level?
- Focus: Optimal for learning
- Management: Acceptance
- Encourage interest in topic
Describe behavior characteristics in bipolar disorder for depression.
- Passive, receptive
- Anhedonia: lack of pleasure
- Anergia: lack of energy
- Avolition: lack of motivation/drive
What is the primary management focus for anorexia nervosa?
- Improving eating behavior
- Weight gain of 1.5-2 lbs/week
- Structure meals 2-3 times/week
What are signs of intimate partner violence?
- Extensive injuries
- Frequent hospital visits
- Partner domination
Describe the management of moderate anxiety.
- Focus: Learning intact
- Symptoms: Vomiting, Anorexia, Nausea
- Management: Allow verbalization
How is communication affected in mania?
- Flight of ideas
- Fast pressured speech
What is a characteristic of Cluster C personality disorders?
- Avoidant: social inhibition, inadequacy
- Dependent: clingy, need for care
- Obsessive-Compulsive: orderliness, control
What is important about managing emotions in patients?
- Recognize emotional needs
- Provide support
- Ensure empathy
What occurs during severe and panic anxiety?
- Focus: Leads to aggression
- Patient: Becomes very violent
- Management: Priority is safety, Stay with client
How is communication affected in depression?
- Slow mental thinking
- Poverty of speech
What milieu therapy is recommended for mania?
- Quiet, non-stimulating environment
- FAR from nurses' station
What milieu therapy is recommended for depression?
- Lively, stimulating environment
- NEAR nurses' station
What activities are suggested for someone experiencing mania?
- Safe, simple activities
- Easy to accomplish
- Uses large motor skills
What activities are suggested for someone experiencing depression?
- Repetitive
- Conserve energy
- Limit competitive activities
What should be the focus of risk for injury in mania?
- Others
What should be the focus of risk for injury in depression?
- Self
What nutrition considerations are there for mania?
- Finger foods
- Calorie-rich and high protein diet
- Drink: Milkshake
What nutrition considerations are there for depression?
- Small feedings
What is intermittent explosive disorder?
- Repeated, sudden episodes of impulsive, aggressive, violent behavior or angry outbursts.
What are the manifestations of intermittent explosive disorder?
- Temper tantrums
- Tirades
- Heated arguments
- Shouting
- Slapping, shoving or pushing
- Physical fights
- Property damage
- Threatening or assaulting people or animals
What management strategies are used for intermittent explosive disorder?
- SSRI
- Cognitive Behavioral therapy
- Lithium
- Anger Management Strategies
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