Quality year - food fraud
37 important questions on Quality year - food fraud
What are characteristics of food fraud?
- Violation of Food Law
- Intentional Actions
- Economic Gain
- Customer Deception
- Customer Distrust
What are common fraud issues with olive oil?
- Origin is altered
- Mixed with other oils
How is fish often frauded?
- Species mislabeled
- Quality compromised
- Wild vs farmed confusion
- Fresh vs frozen-thawed
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What fraud occurs with organic foods?
- False labelling
- Quality issues
Describe milk fraud issues.
- Origin misrepresented
- Type errors
- Dilution of product
- Melanine contamination
What fraud exists with grains?
- Type misrepresented
- Quality issues
- Genetic modified organisms
How is honey often altered fraudulently?
- Origin issues
- Dilution with other substances
- Added sugars
- Misrepresented as organic
Explain fraud in coffee and tea.
- Arabica/Robusta confusion
- Origin falsified
- Varieties misrepresented
What are common fraud issues with spices?
- Origin and quality misrepresented
- Illegal dyes used
What fraudulence can occur with wine?
- Origin is faked
- Quality is compromised
Describe the common fraud issues with fruit juices.
- Diluted products
- Mislabeling as 100% declared fruit
What does the map illustrate in terms of food defense?
- Shows malicious food contamination incidents
- Years: 1950-2008
- Different regions affected
- Number of incidents varies
Which country has the highest number of confirmed malicious food contamination incidents?
- United States
- 41+ incidents indicated by red
What color represents regions with 1-10 confirmed contamination incidents?
Which publication provides data for the map on food contamination incidents?
How are regions with 11-20 confirmed contamination incidents shown on the map?
Identify a region with 31+ malicious food contamination incidents besides the United States.
Where can you find information on food defense?
- Food Defense Mitigation Strategies Database
- Food Defense Risk Mitigation Tool
- Food Adulteration Incidents Registry (FAIR)
What acts are related to food fraud?
- Illegal processing
- Waste diversion
- Addition
- Substitution
- Dilution
- Counterfeiting
- Misrepresentation
- Grey market, theft
Which food-related issue is linked with espionage?
What act is associated with unintentional contamination?
What acts are associated with food defense?
- Espionage
- Sabotage (intentional contamination)
- Extortion
- Cybercrime
What is the goal of the "Prevent" strategy in VACCP and TACCP plans?
How does the "Protect" strategy function in VACCP and TACCP plans?
What is the main aim of the "Mitigate" strategy in VACCP and TACCP?
What does the "Response" strategy focus on in VACCP and TACCP plans?
- Stop spreading adverse effects
- Inform the public
How is the "Recover" strategy applied in VACCP and TACCP plans?
- Return to normal
- Adapt and learn from the event
What does the CARVER+SHOCK tool help you do?
- Think like an attacker
- Analyze different attack factors
- Evaluate criticality, accessibility, etc.
What technologies are used to counteract food adulteration?
- Blockchain
- Community and Training
- Spectroscopic techniques (Imaging techniques)
What is counterfeiting in fraud?
- Example: Trademark falsification
What does unapproved enhancement mean?
- Example: Sulfites in raw sugar
What is concealment in food fraud?
- Example: Dye in powdered spices
What are some perspectives on food defense according to the FDA?
- Activities aimed at inflicting pain, damage, or danger
- Sabotage as a method
- Utilization as a tool for terrorism
- Addressing internal and external threats
- Protection against biological, chemical, physical, and radiological agents
What is VACCP, and how does it relate to food safety?
- Assessing and mitigating vulnerabilities in the food chain
- Preventing adulteration that compromises food authenticity
- Addressing susceptibility to food fraud
How can TACCP and VACCP be connected?
- Identifying threats and vulnerabilities
- Developing strategies to mitigate criminal activities
- Enhancing overall food safety measures
What are the key aspects of VACCP and TACCP Mitigation strategies?
- Implementation of strategies to prevent/minimize vulnerabilities to food fraud.
- Specificity to each company, manufacturing site, and product.
- Basis for mitigation strategies:
- Monitoring procedures and methods
- - Documenting corrective actions (efficiency on implementation)
- - Verifying monitoring actions are followed when appropriate.
What does the CARVER+SHOCK tool evaluate in the food sector?
- Critically: Impacts on health and economy
- Accessibility: Ability to reach and leave target
- Recuperability: Recovery potential post-attack
- Vulnerability: Ease of attack execution
- Effect: Measured direct loss in production
- Recognizability: Ease of target identification
- Shoc
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