Read the summary and the most important questions on Reduced physical activity and risk of chronic disease: the biology behind the consequences

• 1 Introduction

• Which 3 ancient preserved biological mechanisms are discussed in this article?

  • Physical activity
  • Insulin sensitivity
  • Fat storage

• What is the main reason for the mismatch between our ancient preserved genes and nowadays society?

  The modern world has decreased the need for human labour (physical activity), this has increased the resistance for insulin and shifted the balance towards fat storage (as if we are living in a world of plenty).

• What is the CDC 2007 definition of 'inactivity'?

  Not engaging in any regular pattern of physical activity beyond daily functioning

• Why did the aerobic energy system preserve evolution?

  It allows for succesfull mating and it is a more efficient way of energy utilization compared to the anaerobic energy pathways.q

• What are the two aims of the study?

  1. Test the hypothesis of gene favourization on physical activity, energy utilization and fat storage in a rat model of inactivity
  2. compare results of 1 to those in humans

• 1.1 Types of physical activity

• Tell me the types physical activity, boy

  1. elite to physically active
  2. physically active to sedentary
  3. sedentary to bed rest

• Which physical activity type is studied in the rat model?

  physically active to sedentary

• 1.2 The rationale for our animal model designed to study physical inactivity

• What is the rationale for using a rat model to make inference of the human response to inactivity?

  • Humans and rats alike have, over the past thousand years, naturally aerobically exercised.
    
  • Having rats-wheels locked may mimic the change in human society
  • rats that may perform daily activity may mimic human daily activity now

• 1.3 Results of the rodent wheel lock model

• What are the two major consequences of wheel locking rodent wheels?

  1. a decrease in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity
  2. a rapid expansion of intra-abdominal fat storage

• 2 Reduction in insulin sensitivity

• 2.1 Rapid reductions in insulin sensitivity upon ceasing a physically active lifestyle

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• From when on in the wheel locked paradigm did insulin sensitivity decrease significantly?

  In as little as 2 days