Environmental effects on reproduction

5 important questions on Environmental effects on reproduction

Flush: in vivo embryo?

the embryo is produced in vivo but the embryo is flushed out of the uterus horn.

Aspirate oocyte: in vitro embryo?

oocyte gets aspirated form the ovary and get fertilized invitro.


A fine needle is used to puncture the ovary, passing through the uterine wall. Before this procedure, ovarian super stimulation (superovulation) is required to encourage the growth of multiple follicles, a process essential for IVF or ICSI. Once in vitro fertilization occurs, the resulting embryo is carefully placed back into the woman's uterus.

Stress factors when using ART?

  • hormones
  • oxidative stress
  • chemicals
  • mechanical damage
  • light, pH, temperature, oxygen levels
  • long term and transgenerational effects
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there are allot of risks with in vitro fertilization -> because there is a lack of environmental factors of the oviduct. -> oviduct reduce risks. which risks? (4)

  • Imprinting disorders
  • cardiovascular disease
  • premature birth
  • epigenetic changes

The ideal in vitro oviduct? (7)

  • tubular structure
  • polarized columnar epithelium
  • can be live imaged
  • easy to manipulate
  • not static
  • functional
  • folding structure

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