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Omics in reproductive success predictions

Q: IVP vs. IVD, the pros and cons?

Pros: Greater embryo production per unit of time Diminishes the economic cost for embryo production Increased efficiency of semen use (sexed-semen) The capability to produce embryos from prepubertal, pubertal and pregnant females, among others Leads to a decrease of the generation interval Cons: IVP, there are not all maternal factors present in the petri dish IVP leads to more pregnancy losses Potential long-term consequences in the off-spring It can modify the epigenome and transcriptome of the embryo Epigenome: het switch on and of genes through for example methylation, histone tail rearrangements. Hypermethylation = gene off

Q: You need to know when the embryo begins to be transcriptionally independent --> it needs to be activated, when is this done?

So no need of the transcripts of the oocyt The embryonic genome activation takes place between the 4-cell to 16-cel stage in ruminants. The environment in which embryonic genome activation (EGA) takes place strongly influences the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and translation, likely through regulation of the mTOR signalling pathway. -> mTOR is a big regulator in energy production and demand. In vivo, the level of gene expression is strongly influenced by the dam’s metabolic status, with the most robust expression occurring in the most optimal condition.

6 important questions on Omics in reproductive success predictions

IVP vs. IVD, the pros and cons?

Pros:

Greater embryo production per unit of time
Diminishes the economic cost for embryo production
Increased efficiency of semen use (sexed-semen)
The capability to produce embryos from prepubertal, pubertal and pregnant females, among others

Leads to a decrease of the generation interval

Cons:

IVP, there are not all maternal factors present in the petri dish
IVP leads to more pregnancy losses
Potential long-term consequences in the off-spring

It can modify the epigenome and transcriptome of the embryo
Epigenome: het switch on and of genes through for example methylation, histone tail rearrangements.

Hypermethylation = gene off

You need to know when the embryo begins to be transcriptionally independent --> it needs to be activated, when is this done?

So no need of the transcripts of the oocyt
The embryonic genome activation takes place between the 4-cell to 16-cel stage in ruminants.
The environment in which embryonic genome activation (EGA) takes place strongly influences the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and translation, likely through regulation of the mTOR signalling pathway. -> mTOR is a big regulator in energy production and demand.
In vivo, the level of gene expression is strongly influenced by the dam’s metabolic status, with the most robust expression occurring in the most optimal condition.

Does the in vitro process affect the blastocyst?

Developmental potential differences between IVV, IVC, and IVR embryos were mainly contributed by inner cell mass
Pathway analysis of these non-trophoectoderm cells between groups revealed highly active metabolic and biosynthetic processes, reduced cellular signalling, and reduced transmembrane transport activities in IVC embryos that may lead to reduced developmental potential.

The elongation of the embryo is most of the time not happening therefore pregnancy loss. What is the reason that this fails?

Different genes are active and therefor a different response
Embryonic disc is derived from the embryonic inner cell mass.
All genes that are downregulated in in vitro are all the genes needed for the embryonic disc to develop.

These embryos are lost when the genes are not active

Adults calves produced with ART can experience problems, which problems is that?

Adults calves can have problems when pathways are early disrupted can lead to different problems. Such as de-regulation in energy related genes in the liver or muscles. The have an higher change of developing cystic ovarian follicles in a period of low insulin and IGF1 levels due to a negative energy balance in cows conceived by IVF.

The difference in cystic ovarian follicles incidence could stem from an epigenetic dysregulation of glucose metabolism localized to the IVF derived ovary.”

The conclusion about the omics in reproduction? (3)

In the bovine, the in vitro procedures to produce an embryo impact the expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis early in development (EGA).
In vitro procedures influence the metabolism and developmental processes in the elongated embryo, with this effect being more pronounced in the embryonic disc.
De-regulation of energy-related genes is still observed in metabolic organs such as the liver and muscle in the postnatal calf and can potentially impact the animal health during productive life.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

reproduction

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Omics in reproductive success predictions

6 important questions on Omics in reproductive success predictions

IVP vs. IVD, the pros and cons?

You need to know when the embryo begins to be transcriptionally independent --> it needs to be activated, when is this done?

Does the in vitro process affect the blastocyst?

The elongation of the embryo is most of the time not happening therefore pregnancy loss. What is the reason that this fails?

Adults calves produced with ART can experience problems, which problems is that?

The conclusion about the omics in reproduction? (3)

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