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• 1 Introduction / Key concepts

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• Life Cycle Management (LCM)

  Direction of activities across different links of a product chain, with the aim of minimizing environmental impacts over the product life cycle as a whole

• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

  A method based on scientific evidence and environmental policy standards to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a product or service over its entire life cycle

• Eco-design / Design for Environmenta (ED/DfE)

  Systematic consideration of environmental aspects in the design and development of a product, with the aim of minimizing the environmental impacts of the product during its entire life cycle

• Pollution Prevention (P2) project stages

  1. Planning and organization
     
  2. Assessment
  3. Feasibility analysis
  4. Implementation

• Mintzberg's organizational model parts (top-down)

  1. Strategic Apex (top management)
  2. Middle Line (middle management)
  3. Operating core (work floor)
  4. Techno-structure (analysts) (left)
  5. Support staff (HRM/financial) (right)

• Mintzberg's co-ordination mechanisms

  1. Mutual adjustment
     
  2. Direct supervision
  3. Standardization of work
  4. Standardization of output
  5. Standardization of skills

• Mintzberg's machine bureaucracy structure consists of:

  1. Strategic Apex
  2. Middle Line
  3. Operating core
  4. Techno-structure
  5. Support staff

  
  Mechanism: standardization of work and output
  Characteristics: efficient routine production, not flexible, techno-structure is key
  Environ. Management: can efficiently develop EMS following standard procedures. Systematic implementation

• Mintzberg's professional bureaucracy structure consists of:

  1. (Small) Strategic Apex
  2. Middle Line
  3. (Large) Operating core
  4. (Small) Techno-structure
  5. (Large) Support staff

  
  Mechanism: standardization of skills
  Characteristics: skilled servicing to complex market but difficulties of coordination
  Environ. Management: difficult to manage. Commitment of operating core is essential

• Principles of Industrial Ecology (IE)

  1. Sees industrial system as an ecosystem
     
  2. Promotes integrated and comprehensive view of the industrial system
  3. Puts emphasis on material flows within and outside the industrial system
  4. Considers technological trajectories as crucial element for industrial transition
  5. Two main directions:
  • Eco-industrial parks
  • Dematerialization

• ISO 14001: Environmental Policy

  Initial foundation and direction for the management system