Swiss History - MIddle ages
24 important questions on Swiss History - MIddle ages
How does Caesar's mention relate to Bern's history?
- Engehalbinsel fortified site among 12 oppida by Helvetii.
- Mentioned by Caesar.
- Site continued in Roman era as Gallo-Roman vicus.
What settlement existed in the Early Middle Ages near Bern?
- Settlement in Bümpliz.
- Located 4 km from medieval city of Bern.
- Part of the early development of Bern.
Who founded the medieval city of Bern?
- Founded by Zähringer ruling family.
- Rose to power in Upper Burgundy in 12th century.
- Traditions date it to around 1191.
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When did Bern join the Swiss Confederacy and what was its significance?
- Joined in 1353
- Became eighth canton
- Formative period: 1353 to 1481
What territories did Bern invade and conquer in the early 15th and 16th centuries?
- Aargau: 1415
- Vaud: 1536
- Became largest city-state north of Alps
How did the city of Bern expand geographically?
- Grew towards west
- Peninsula by river Aare
- Zytglogge tower marked western boundary
What changes occurred in Bern's architecture post-1405 fire?
- Wooden buildings replaced
- Half-timbered houses first
- Then sandstone buildings in Old Town
What were Bern's fortifications during the Thirty Years' War?
- Two fortifications: big Schanze and small Schanze
- Protected whole peninsula area
What is housed in the Federal Palace in Bern?
- The Federal Palace, built from 1857 to 1902.
- Houses national parliament, government.
- Part of federal administration.
- Central to political activities in Switzerland.
What is significant about Bern's heritage sites?
- Bern has 114 Swiss heritage sites.
- Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Includes Cathedral, Zytglogge, and Käfigturm towers.
- Features Holy Ghost Church and 16th-century fountains by Hans Gieng.
What cultural institutions are located outside the Old Town of Bern?
- Bärengraben animal pit.
- Gewerbeschule Bern (1937).
- Eidgenössisches Archiv für Denkmalpflege.
- Kirchenfeld mansion district.
- Several museums, including Swiss National Library & Historical Museum.
What is Bern's new attraction opened in 2004?
- Fountains in front of the Federal Palace.
- Inaugurated on 1 August 2004.
- Located in Bern's city center.
- Adds to the city's historical and cultural offerings.
What are some notable theaters in Bern?
- Bern Theatre.
- Narrenpack Theatre Bern.
- Schlachthaus Theatre.
- Tojo Theatre.
- Theatre on the Effinger-Str.
What major sporting events have taken place in Bern?
- 1954 FIFA World Cup Final: West Germany vs. Hungary, held at Stadion Wankdorf.
- 2008 UEFA European Championship: Hosted matches at Stadion Wankdorf.
- 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship: Held at PostFinance Arena.
- 2011 European Figure Skate Championships: Hosted at PostFinance Arena.
Which sports clubs are based in Bern?
- BSC Young Boys: Football team at Stadion Wankdorf.
- FC Breitenrain Bern: Founded in 1994.
- SC Bern: Ice hockey team at PostFinance Arena.
- Bern Cardinals: Baseball and softball at Allmend.
- Bern Grizzlies: American football team since 1985.
- RC Bern: Rugby club since 1972 at Allmend.
What is the significance of the PostFinance Arena in Bern?
- SC Bern: Ice hockey team competes here.
- Attendance: Highest in European hockey for over a decade.
- 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship: Hosted matches.
- 2011 European Figure Skate Championships: Also hosted at this venue.
Why did Bern withdraw its bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics?
- September 2002: Bern withdrew its bid.
- Referendum Result: Locals did not support the bid.
- Vancouver, British Columbia: Games awarded there instead.
What are the main annual fairs and music events in Bern?
- Zibelemärit: Onion market, fourth Monday in November.
- Bernese Fasnacht: Carnival festival.
- Musikpreis des Kantons Bern: Awards outstanding musicians shaping Bern's music scene.
What was the unemployment rate in Bern in 2010 and how many businesses were in each sector?
- Unemployment rate: 3.3%
- Primary sector: 259 people, ~59 businesses
- Secondary sector: 16,413 people, ~950 businesses
- Tertiary sector: 135,973 people, 7,654 businesses
How many full-time equivalent jobs were there in Bern in 2008 and how were they distributed across sectors?
- Total jobs: 125,037
- Primary: 203 jobs
- Secondary: 15,476 jobs
- Tertiary: 109,358 jobs
- Notable areas: 10,293 in wholesale/retail, 8,437 in insurance/finance, 10,660 in technical professions/scientists.
What was Bern's status regarding worker commuting and vehicle usage in 2000?
- Inward commuters: 94,367
- Outward commuters: 16,424
- Net importer of workers
- Public transport: 50.6%
- Private car: 20.6%
What marked the western boundary of the city before the Käfigturm?
- Zytglogge tower
- 1191
- 1256
What tower succeeded the Käfigturm as the western boundary?
- Christoffelturm
- 1622
When did the Thirty Years' War lead to new fortifications?
- Thirty Years' War
- big fortifications
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