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• 1 Technical Exam

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• 1)    State two visual signs of parvovirus that would be observed in a dog.

  Lethargy, severe vomiting, loss of appetite, bloody foul-smelling diarrhoea, dehydration

• 2)     state a condition that would cause mucous membranes of the following colours: Blue and yellow

  Blue – inadequate amounts of oxygentated haemoglobin, within respiratory system (obstruction/foreign body, pneumonia, chronic swelling of bronchioles, allergies, asthma, cancer, collapse)
   within cardiovascular system (congenital defects, heart disease, fluid collection) Nueromusculoskeletal system.
  Yellow – Jaundice, liver disease, ingestion of toxens, accumulation of bilirubin.

• 3)     Define the term zoonotic disease

  Disease that can be passed from animal to human such as ringworm, salmonella, campylobactor, cat scratch fever, leptospirosis, lymes disease, psittacosis, cheyletiella, sarcoptic mange, toxoplasmosis.

• 4)     Discuss how the 5 animal welfare needs relate to administerating a routine worming treatment to a rabbit

  For a suitable environment (place to live) – clean environment
  For a suitable diet – diet adjusted dependent on treatment
  To exhibit normal behaviour patterns.
  To be housed with or apart from other animals
  To be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease – competent handler, suitable treatment, safe procedures, PPE

• 5)     If there was a suspected outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom, what procedures would farmers need to put in place to prevent and control the spread of the disease?

  DEFRA notification, biosecurity, disinfecting of vehicles, limited movement of stock, control rodents on the premises, high levels of hygiene, cull of diseased stock, disposal of carcases, high levels of hygiene, clear signs, hand washing facilities, risk assessments, restrictions

• 6)    State three different ways that disease can be transmitted

  Direct, indirect, airborne, vectors, fomites, inhalation

• 7)      Describe how a cow is able to digest grass.

  Cow – ruminant (4 chambered stomach)
  Cattle use tongue to grasp grass/silage and use molars/premolars to break down roughage and increase surface are of bolus, mixing with saliva (amylase). Past to rumen for storage and breakdown, then regurgitated at rest (chewing cud) for further breakdown.

• 8)     Describe the chemical structure of the following.i. Monosaccharidesii. Fatty Acidiii. Amino Acid

  i. Single unit (monomers) of carbohydrates (single sugars). Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. All monosaccharides are soluable in water, sweet tasting and form crystals.
  ii. Two essential features: Carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon tail/chain (saturated or unsaturated)
  iii. Building block of proteins, two carbon bond, carboxyl group and conjugate base

• 9)     Explain the energy requirements of a German Shepard dog at the following life stages:i. Juvenileii. Pregnancy and lactationiii. Geriatric

  i. High energy requirements for growth and bone development
  ii. Normal energy requirements first 2 trimesters, increased or high level during final trimester and lactation
  iii. Low energy requirements as less active

• 10)     Disscuss the limitations of diet formulation and delivery for a primate in captivity

  Difficulty sourcing foods, seasonal availability, ensuring all nutreitns are ingested, dominant/submissive behaviours, hierachy, difficulties mimicking natural environment, food enrichment