Philosophical Roots - Introduction - Claudius Galenus c.129-201ce
12 important questions on Philosophical Roots - Introduction - Claudius Galenus c.129-201ce
What are the four humours according to Galen?
- Melancholic: sad, fearful, artistic
- Phlegmatic: slow, rational, consistent
- Choleric: energetic, passionate
- Sanguine: cheerful, optimistic
Who developed the concept of the four temperaments of personality?
- Developed by Physician Galen
- Time period: c129-c201 CE
- Based on ancient Greek and Roman theories
Who was Galen, and what was his contribution?
- Claudius Galenus
- Roman physician and philosopher
- Studied anatomy, influenced medicine until Renaissance
- Noted two personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion
- Created theory of four humours
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What are the four temperaments of personality?
- Sanguine
- Choleric
- Melancholic
- Phlegmatic
What did Hans Eysenck conclude regarding Galen's work?
- Eysenck concluded biological basis
- Identified neuroticism and extraversion
- Influenced 20th-century psychology
What causes changes in our temperaments according to Galen?
- Imbalance in bodily humors
- Four humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm
What did Galen learn through his studies?
- Studied animal anatomy (monkeys, pigs)
- Discovered importance of internal organs
- Made anatomical observations despite errors
How can individual and societal problems be addressed according to Galen?
- By restoring balance of humors
- Can affect personality and behavior
What are the basic elements linked with the four temperaments?
- They are wet and cold
- Warm and dry
What concept did Galen develop regarding personality and its impacts?
- Galen linked personality with the balance of four humours: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
- An imbalance could cause emotional or physical problems.
- Restoring balance could resolve issues.
How do the four temperaments relate to Galen's humours?
- Galen's four temperaments (sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic) reflect humours.
- These temperaments affect a person’s emotions and behaviors.
- Proper balance is crucial for well-being.
What is the historical significance of Galen's theory?
- Widely accepted from 460-370 BCE to the 19th century.
- Influenced medical and psychological understanding.
- Used to diagnose and treat emotional and behavioral issues.
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