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Communication Skills Model

Q: What is the bottom-up approach of empathy?

Automatic or unconscious process that allows recognition of another's emotional state

Q: What is the top-down approach of empathy?

Conscious cognitive process that allows us to explain and predict our own and other's behaviour

Q: What is the consensus model of patient-dentist interaction?

Dentist is a gatekeeper who gives an individual access to sick role for acute dentistry The acute disesase prevents fulfilment of social roles, work, and duties.

Q: What is the conflict model of patient-dentist interaction?

Conflict model 1. Degree of conflict 2. Assumption (active dentist with passive patient) 3. Divergence in cultural background

Q: What are the 3 egos of the transactional analysis (TA) model?

1. Parent = 'taught' concept of life, formed by external events and influences throughout childhood 2. Adult = 'thought' concept of life, neither trying to control nor react 3. Child = 'felt' concept in life, comes out when dominated by anger and despair

Q: What are the two subcategories of each parent and child egos of transactional analysis?

Parent mode 1. Controlling 2. Nurturing Child mode 1. Free 2. Adapted

18 important questions on Communication Skills Model

What is the bottom-up approach of empathy?

Automatic or unconscious process that allows recognition of another's emotional state

What is the top-down approach of empathy?

Conscious cognitive process that allows us to explain and predict our own and other's behaviour

What is the consensus model of patient-dentist interaction?

Dentist is a gatekeeper who gives an individual access to sick role for acute dentistry The acute disesase prevents fulfilment of social roles, work, and duties.

What is the mutual dependence model of patient-dentist interaction?

Mutual dependence = activity-passivity model + guidance-cooperation model + mutual participation model
These determine the patient's experience of illness.
1. Activity-passivity = can the patient participate? (unconscious or incapable)
2. Guidance-cooperation = for forms of acute illness
3. Mutual participation = for forms of chronic illness

What is the conflict model of patient-dentist interaction?

Conflict model
1. Degree of conflict
2. Assumption (active dentist with passive patient)
3. Divergence in cultural background

What is the conflict and control model of patient-dentist interaction?

1. Paternalisitic = high dentist but low patient control
2. Mutualistic = equal control
3. Consumerist = patient is simply a client/consumer
4. Default = both take little control

What are the 3 egos of the transactional analysis (TA) model?

1. Parent = "taught" concept of life, formed by external events and influences throughout childhood
2. Adult = "thought" concept of life, neither trying to control nor react
3. Child = "felt" concept in life, comes out when dominated by anger and despair

What are the two subcategories of each parent and child egos of transactional analysis?

Parent mode
1. Controlling
2. Nurturing
Child mode
1. Free
2. Adapted

What are the social characteristics associated with non-compliance?

Individual's social situation
Lack of social support
Family instability or disharmony
Patient's expectations and attitude towards treatment
Residential instability
Environment that supports nonadherent behaviour
Conflicting demands
Lack of resources

What are the personal characteristics associated with non-compliance?

Demographics
Sensory disability
Type and severity of psychiatric disorder
Forgetfulness
Lack of understanding

What are the health beliefs associated with non-compliance?

Inappropriate or conflicting health belief
Competing socio-cultural and ethnic folk concepts of disease and treatment
Implicit model of illness

What are the treatment factors that can arise during preparation for treatment associated with non-compliance?

Characteristic of treatment setting
Long waiting time
Time between referral and appointment
Absence of individual appointment times
Lack of cohesiveness of treatment delivery system
Poor reputation of treatment facility
Inconvenience associated with operation of clinics

What are the immediate characteristics of treatment associated with non-compliance?

Treatment recommendations
Complexity of treatment regimen
Duration of treatment
Degree of behavioural change
Inconvenience
Expense
Characteristic of medicine
Inadequate labels
Awkward container design

What are treatment factors that can arise during administration of treatment associated with non-compliance?

Inadequate supervision by professionals
Absence of continuity of care
Failure of parents to supervise drug administration or brushing technique

What are the consequences of treatment associated with non-compliance?

Medication side effects
- fear of side effects
- fear of dependency
- fear of reduced effectiveness
- don't fit with lifestyle
- sign of weakness
- don't fit with health belief
Social side effects

What is Ley's cognitive hypothesis model of compliance?

Patient's compliance depends on their satisfaction, understanding, and memory (recall) of consultation.

What factors influence the patient's memory of consultation?

Anxiety
Medical/dental knowledge
Intellectual level
Importance of statement
Primacy effect (people remember information at the beginning of a list rather than the middle)