Attitudes and behavior in organizations

9 important questions on Attitudes and behavior in organizations

What are 3 ways of organizational commitment?

- Affective commitment (I would be very happy to spend the rest of my career with this organisation)
- Continuance commitment (I have invested too miuch time into this job to leave now)
- Normative commitment (I think that people these days move from company to company too often)

Job engagement is the extent to which employees are involved with, committed to, enthusiastic, and passionate about their work. It exist of different components, name 3:

Dedication - loving your work
Absorption - attention to work, flow
Vigor - putting a lot of effort

Without job engagement en pleasantness, workers can end up in work addiction or burnout, describe the model of burnout, work engagement and workaholism among highly educated employees:

2 spectrums:
- lowest to highest activation
- Unpleasant to pleasant

4 outcomes
- work engagement (high activation + pleasant)
- job satisfaction (low activation + pleasant)
- burnout (low activation + unpleasant)
- work addiction (high activation + unpleasant)
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How do organizations optimize for employee engagement?

Employee engagement = involvement + commitment, enthusiasm, and passion

What are the background factors in the theory of planned behavior?

  • Individual: Personality, mood, emotion, intelligence, values, stereotypes, general attitudes, experience
  • Social: Education, age, gender, income, religion, race, ethnicity, culture
  • Information: Knowledge, media, intervention

We have certain tendencies when we try to determine wether the cause is internal or external, what is this tendency?

we often distort attributions when looking at ourselves vs others
- more positive attributions and hence attitudes towards the self
- in others, we tend to underestimate external factors and overestimate internal factors, especially when others are more unfamiliar and behavior is negative (e.g. A student submits an incomplete assignment - assumed low effort)

What are the tendencies around the self-serving bias?

In self serving bias we tend to ascribe our own succes tot internal causes (I did well) and when others get succes we ascribe it to external causes (he got lucky).


We tend to ascribe our own failure to external causes (my boss hates me) and in others to internal causes (he is not good enough)

What are some examples of how affect influences behavior?

- Positive emotions make people see things through 'pink glasses' and therefore, happy people are more willing to invest in others and offer help. They can make people more creative and open-minded.

- Negative emotions make people become more critical of others and therefore may be less willing to help them. They can also make people become more attentive and focused and drive them to analyze a situation more carefully

There are 4 major social influences on behavior, name them and explain them briefly

- conformity: conforming to others, staying in line (repeating others) with others even though you believe or see something else.
- social loafing (ringelmann's rope pulling experiment): ringelmann asked participants to pull on a rope both alone and in groups. He found that when participants were part of a group, people made less of an effort than when working individually
- social identity
- work group diversity

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