Read the summary and the most important questions on Workplace Intervention & Counselling (WPIC)

• 1 Counsellor's Self Awareness

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• 1.1.2 Counselling

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• What is a Counselling Theory/Approach?

  -It aims to answer 2 major questions:
  

  1. Why? --> people have problems
  2. How? --> techniques/treatments/intervention

• What are the types of Counselling Theories?

  1. Psychodynamic Approaches
     
  2. Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Therapies//Humanistic
  3. Cognitive Behavioural Therapies
  4. Systems and Postmodern Approaches

• Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Therapies//Humanistic

  • Why?

  -the environment that hinder our human potential in being realised
  --> result in us feeling a sense of failure, feeling a sense of low self-worth
  

  
  
  
  • How?

  -as counsellors, we are to create a conducive counselling environment
  ---> clients can regain back their self-confidence and self-worth
  
  -Techniques to show empathy and acceptance

• Cognitive Behavioural Therapies

  >> Most popular, mainly for use with mental illness
  
  

  • Why?

  -how our faulty thinking/ irrational thinking affects our feelings and behaviours
  

  
  
  
  • How?
    

  -Techniques to help clients dispute and change their faulty thinking/ irrational thinking to rationale ones
  
  --> resulting in rational feelings and behaviours

• 1.1.3 Coaching

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• How is coaching different from traditional counselling?

  • Coaching
    
  • Setting goals, creating outcomes (specific actionable outcomes: KPI) and managing personal change
  • Future-focused
  • Traditional counselling
  • Resolving difficulties arising from the past

• 1.2 Working on Self - Counsellor's Self Awareness

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• Why do Counsellors need to be self-aware?

  "...one of the most important instruments you have to work with as a counsellor is yourself as a person."

• 2 Attending & Listening Skills

• 2.1 Attending Skills

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• Helper's Nonverbal Communication

  Effective counsellors are mindful (aware) of the cues & messages they are constantly sending through their bodies (can be distracting non-verbal cues) as they interact with clients.

• 2.2 Listening Skills

• Fundamentals of an Effective Listener

  • Do not be too quick to jump to conclusions/assume we know the meaning of clients' stories/terms/words
    
  • It will be helpful for counsellors to adopt a "not-knowing" stance 
  • --> be curious
  • DO NOT BE PRESUMPTUOUS

• 3 Listening Skills

• 3.1 Passive Listening Skills

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• Client's Verbal Stories

  Key Experience(s) - (What happened?)
  -refers to the main theme(s)/crux of the client's story
  -Guideline:
  1) Repetition/Elaboration
  2) Changes in verbal intonation (e.g. Volume/speed)
  3) Changes in non-verbal behaviour (e.g. Scolded by boss for no reason)
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Key Behaviours - (React)
  -e.g. Threw a file at my boss, storm out of the office
  
  Key Feelings - (Feel)
  -e.g. Very angry
  ------------------------------
  
  Key Behaviours and Key Feelings are usually linked/connected to the key experience (main theme) of the client's story

• 3.2 Active Listening Skills

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• How do you respond to what you hear?

  In neutral/low tone
  

  1. Encouragers
     
  2. Paraphrasing
     
  3. Summarising
     
  4. Empathic Responses/Reflection of Feeling (ROF)