The end of empire and the problem of neocolonialism - The South Asian precedent - Nonalignment

5 important questions on The end of empire and the problem of neocolonialism - The South Asian precedent - Nonalignment

What was Nehru determined to do in the Cold War struggle?

  • Nehru was determined to remain neutral in the Cold War struggle. Serving as his own foreign minister, he encouraged other newly independent nations to join with India in rejecting the embryonic world order.
  • Nehru skillfully negotiated trade agreements with the West and secured crucial development aid from the US while accepting Soviet technical assistance on a variety of state projects.

What side did Pakistan choose? How did India relate to this?

  • In 1954 the Eisenhower administration began to provide military aid to Pakistan, an act that India interpreted as unfriendly.
  • The Pakistanis willingly cooperated with the US in its policy of containment, while India sought to maintain cordial relations with both China and the USSR.

How did Dulles characterize Nehru's position?

American Secretary of State Dulles characterized Nehru's nonaligned movement as immoral, while India's efforts at the UN to have the People's Republic of China recognized as the legitimate representative of the Chinese people further alienated American policy makers.
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How did a Chinese attack affect India's policy?

  • The attack was a fatal blow to Nehru's earlier policy of peaceful coexistence with communist China. In the wake of this humiliation, India requested and received military assistance from Great Britain, the US, Canada, and the USSR. The Congress Party now redoubled efforts to build military establishment that would guarantee the inviolability of existing borders in the future.
  • After Nehru's death the government tilted closer to the USSR - now undergoing its own estrangement from China.

How did American policy makers interpret the Moscow-Delhi alliance?

  • American policy makers concluded that an incipient Moscow-Delhi alliance was under way and proceeded to strengthen its partnership with Pakistan.
  • When India and Pakistan went to war in 1971, the Nixon administration threw its support behind its ally in Islamabad. 

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