Anatomy-Anterior Thigh
23 important questions on Anatomy-Anterior Thigh
What are the origins of the pectineus muscle?
- Anterior: Pubic bone
- Posterior: Femur (pectineal line)
- Functions: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the thigh
What is the function of the psoas major muscle?
- Flexes the hip
- Origin: T12-L5 vertebrae
- Inserts: Lesser trochanter of the femur
What is the function of the deep veins in the leg?
- Return blood to the heart.
- Accompany arteries.
- Popliteal vein becomes the femoral vein.
- External iliac vein is formed.
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What is the action of the iliacus muscle?
- Flexes the hip
- Origin: Iliac fossa, iliac crest, sacrum
- Inserts: Lesser trochanter of the femur
What is the femoral artery and how does it branch?
- Continuation of the external iliac artery.
- Passes through the femoral triangle.
- Branches:
- Deep artery of thigh.
- Medial circumflex femoral artery.
- Lateral circumflex femoral artery.
- Perforating arteries.
Describe the location and function of superficial inguinal nodes.
- Located in superficial fascia.
- Receive lymph from saphenous vein region.
- Drain to external iliac nodes.
What is the lumbar plexus composed of?
- Anterior rami of nerve roots L1-L4
- Forms part of the lumbar plexus
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
- Superior: Inguinal ligament.
- Medial: Medial border of adductor longus.
- Lateral: Sartorius.
Describe the great saphenous vein.
- Formed by the union of dorsal vein of great toe.
- Ascends anterior to medial malleolus.
- Passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur.
Where does the sartorius muscle insert?
- Medial side of tibia
- Inserts on pes anserinus
- Longest muscle in the body
Which nerve passes deep to the inguinal ligament?
- Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Supplies anterior thigh and medial leg
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
- Femoral artery.
- Femoral vein.
- Saphenous nerve.
- Nerve to vastus medialis.
How is the small saphenous vein formed and where does it ascend?
- Formed by the union of dorsal vein of little toe.
- Ascends posterior to lateral malleolus.
- Empties into the popliteal vein.
What are the parts of the quadriceps tendon?
- Convergence of four muscles
- Surrounds patella
- Inserts on tibial tuberosity
What is the function of the obturator nerve?
- Motor innervation to medial thigh muscles
- Arises from roots L2-L4
What are the accompanying veins and where are they located?
- Accompany large arteries, usually in pairs.
- Surround the artery in a vascular sheath.
- Often found with deep veins of lower limb.
What is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?
- Inserts on tibial tuberosity
- Origin: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Describe the femoral sheath and its compartments.
- Surrounds femoral vessels.
- Three compartments: lateral, intermediate, medial.
- Lateral: femoral artery.
- Intermediate: femoral vein.
- Medial: femoral canal.
Which nerve supplies the skin of the anterior thigh?
- Cutaneous branches of femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Innervates from the thigh to knee
What role does the femoral vein play in the venous system?
- Continuation of the popliteal vein.
- Lies posterolateral to the femoral artery.
- Located in the femoral triangle.
Which nerve is responsible for the lateral cutaneous sensation of the thigh?
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3)
- Supplies sensation to the lateral thigh
What is the role of the genitofemoral nerve?
- Genital branch: Cremaster muscle
- Femoral branch: Skin over femoral triangle
Which artery is the main blood supply to the anterior thigh?
- Femoral artery
- Continuation of external iliac artery
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