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• Chapter 6

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• which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

  catabolism

• which of the following is true for anabolic pathways?

  They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers

• For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?

  The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment

• Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism.  How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

  As a consequence of growing, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth.

• Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics?

  Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization.

• Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?

  anabolic reactions

• Biological evolution of life on Earth, from simply prokaryote-like cells to large, multicellular eukaryotic organisms,

  has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics

• Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

  Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism

• The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ^G=^H-T^S.  Which of the following is correct?

  ^G is the change in free energy

• Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?

  The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.