Eartguakes and volcanoes - Moving plates
30 important questions on Eartguakes and volcanoes - Moving plates
What experience led Saskia to learn about moving plates?
- Friend experienced earthquake
- Happened in Ecuador
- Near a large plate boundary
What are the learning objectives of this section?
- Describe the movement of tectonic plates
- Explain why plates move
What are the three types of plate boundaries mentioned?
- Divergent
- Convergent
- Transform
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What happens at a divergent plate boundary?
- Plates move apart
- Mantle rock changes into magma
- Magma rises, cools, and hardens
What causes convection currents in the Earth's mantle?
- Heat from the Earth's inner core.
- Rock heats up, rises toward crust.
- Rock cools, sinks back into mantle.
What geological feature can be found at divergent plate boundaries?
- Oceanic ridge
- Example: Mid Atlantic Ridge
How do convection currents affect oceanic plates?
- Move two oceanic plates apart.
- Oceanic plate subducts under continental plate.
- Hot rock recycles into mantle.
What is ridge push theory in tectonic plates?
- Mid-ocean ridges create high areas.
- Plates move away from ridges.
- Movement from mid-ocean ridge.
What is a transform plate boundary?
- Plates slide alongside each other.
- No volcanoes or high mountains.
- Large earthquakes can occur.
- Example: San Andreas Fault, California.
Where is the Mid Atlantic Ridge visible?
- Iceland
Where is the San Andreas Fault located?
- Close to San Francisco.
- Located in the United States.
- Example of a transform plate boundary.
How did ideas about plate movement change after the 1990s?
- Slab pull theory introduced.
- Rock sinks into mantle at subduction zone.
- Gravity pulls oceanic plate with it.
What can be found at diverging plate boundaries like in Iceland?
- Volcanoes
Who proposed the idea of tectonic plates moving?
- Alfred Wegener in 1912.
- Initially lacked evidence of a force.
- Endogenous force was needed to move plates.
What are the three types of plate movement?
- Plates can diverge (move apart).
- Plates can move alongside (transform).
- Plates can converge (move together).
What are convergent plate boundaries?
- Plates move towards each other.
- Example: Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate.
- Forms mountain ranges like the Himalayas.
What did Arthur Holmes suggest in 1929?
- Plates might move due to mantle rock flows.
- Provided a mechanism for plate movement.
- Idea accepted in the 1960s.
What happens at converging boundaries between oceanic and continental plates?
- Oceanic plate subducts under continental plate.
- Tectonic plates move due to convection.
What is a collision zone?
- A convergent boundary between two continental plates
- two plates push each other upwards creating fold mountains.
- At a collision zone large earthquakes can occur
- Example: collision caused 2015 Nepal earthquake.
How often do the Himalayas rise due to plate collision?
- Himalayas rise about 10 mm each year.
- Caused by Indian Plate colliding with Eurasian Plate.
Describe the Mariana Trench.
- Deepest oceanic trench.
- Recent depth measurement: 10,994 meters.
- Deep enough to hold Mount Everest.
What is Divergent plate boundary?
What is convergent plate boundary?
What is a mountain range?
What is a collision zone?
What is transform plate boudary?
What is oceanic ridge?
What are fold mountains?
What is endogenous force?
What are convection currents?
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