Lifestyle and Career Development - Review Questions
4 important questions on Lifestyle and Career Development - Review Questions
Which statement is not true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?
a.The approach attempts to match the person’s traits with the requirements of a job.
b.The approach usually relies on psychometric information.
c.The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity.
d.The approach is associated with the work of Parsons and Williamson.
Developmental approaches delineate stages or specify vocational choice in terms of a process which can change throughout the life span. Thus, vocational development parallels psychosocial, cognitive, and personality development. Eli Ginzberg, an economist, Sol Ginsburg, a psychiatrist, Sidney Axelrad, a sociologist, and John Herma, a psychologist, are often cited as pioneers in this area, questioning the premise that career choice was a single event. The theories proposed by Super and Tiedeman and O’Hara are also derived from developmental psychology.
Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this area of study was
a.Krumboltz.
b.Parsons.
c.Super.
d.Bordin.
Choice “a” is decidedly incorrect as Krumboltz worked with a behavioristic model. Bordin, though, felt that career choices could be used to solve unconscious conflicts. Psychoanalytic approaches—used in regard to career choice or other issues—have never been extremely popular with helpers trained in counseling departments since short-term, time efficient modalities are stressed.
A fairly recent model to explain career development is the decision approach. The Gelatt Decision Model created by Harry B. Gelatt refers to information as “the fuel of the decision.” The Gelatt Model asserts that information can be organized into three systems
a.predictive, value, and decision.
b.internal, external, and in between.
c.predictive, external, and internal.
d.internal and external.
Decision-making theory asserts that although occupational choice is an ongoing process, there are times when a key decision must be made. In the Gelatt Model the predictive system is concerned with the probable alternatives, actions, and possibilities. The person’s value system is concerned with one’s relative preferences regarding the outcomes, while the decision system provides rules and criteria for evaluating the outcome.
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Which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to meet our needs?
a.Albert Ellis.
b.John O. Crites.
c.John Krumboltz
d.Robert Hoppock.
Crites (choice “b”) is well-known for his Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) that measures attitudes and competencies related to the career choice process. Hoppock, the correct theorist here, feels that to make an accurate career decision you must know your personal needs and then find an occupation that meets a high percentage of the needs. Lastly, as your personal needs change you might need to secure a different occupation.
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