Exercise science
25 important questions on Exercise science
What are the major function of red blood cells, and white blood cells?
- Red Blood Cells
- Transports oxygen to the body's tissues and removes carbon dioxide as a waste product
- White Blood Cells
- Helps the immune system protect your body against infection
Compare the Axial Skeleton vs. Appendicular Skeleton
- Axial Skeleton
- 80 Bones
- Forms the Central Axis of the body (Protects organs)
- Skull Bones, Auditory Ossicles, Hyoid Bone, Ribs, Sternum, Vertebrae, and Sacrum
- Appendicular Skeleton
- 126 Bones
- Bones of the upper and lower extremities and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
- Has the role of body movements
What are the roles of surface marking on bones?
- Structural features adapted for specific functions
- Two types:
- Depressions and Openings
- Allow the passage of soft tissues
- Form tissues
- Processes
- Projections or outgrowths that form joints
- Serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons
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Describe the blood flow through the heart and the body.
- Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae.
- Moves to the right ventricle.
- Gets pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
- Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
- Flows into the left ventricle.
- Pumped out to the body through the aorta.
When does blood have high levels of oxygen? Low levels of oxygen?
- Blood has high levels of oxygen after it passes through the lungs and enters the left side of the heart to be pumped to the body
- Blood has low levels of oxygen after delivering oxygen to the body's tissues and returns to the right side of the heart to be sent back to the lungs
Differences in vertebrae between cervical (neck), thoracic (ribcage), and lumbar (low back)
- .Cervical
- Smallest
- Thoracic
- Larger
- Lumbar
- Largest
What is scoliosis? Kyphosis? Lordosis?
- Scoliosis
- Increased lateral curvature
- Kyphosis
- Increased thoracic curve (bent forwards)
- Lordosis
- Increased lumbar curve (bent backwards)
Electrical flow through the heart? Where does signal for contraction start? Pause?
- Signal starts at the sinoatrial (SA) node.
- Contraction spreads through atria.
- Pause occurs at the atrioventricular (AV) node.
Parts of ECG (R wave, T wave, QRS complex, p wave). What’s happening during those?
- P wave: Atrial depolarization (contraction)
- QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization (contraction)
- T wave: Ventricular repolarization (relaxation)
- R wave: Peak of QRS, represents ventricular depolarization.
What are the functions of arteries, veins, capillaries
- Arteries
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the tissues
- The walls of the arteries are elastic, which allows them to absorb the pressure created by ventricles of the heart as they pump blood into the arteries.
- Veins
- Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart
- Capillaries
- Smallest blood vessles in the body; exchanges gases, nutrients, and waste between the blood and the body's tissues
What are the different sections of respiratory system and their function?
- Upper Respiratory System
- Nasal Cavity - Filters incoming air
- Pharynx - Passageway for air coming in from nose/mouth to the larynx
- Larynx - directs air into the trachea (holds the vocal cords)
- Lower Respiratory System
- Larynx - directs air into the trachea (holds the vocal cords)
- Trachea - carries air down into the lungs; lined with cilia to trap debris
- Bronchi - two main branches from the trachea leading to each lung
- Lungs - Facilitate gas exchange (O2 into blood, CO2 out)
What is cardiac output, how is it calculated?
- The amount of blood that your heart circulates per minute
- CO = heart rate x stroke volume
What are the muscles of inhalation?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalenes
- External intercostals
- Diaphragm
What are the muscles of exhalation?
- Internal intercostals
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Tranversus abdominis
- Rectus abdominis
What affects hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
- PO2
- pH
- Temperature
- BPG
- Type of HB
What's the relationship between H+ ions and pH
- Higher H+ concentration = Lower pH
- Lower H+ concentration = Higher pH
What are the parts of the urinary system?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
What determines what the body does with pyruvate following glycolysis?
- Oxygen availability
- Energy demand
- Cell type
- Nutrient status
What is exercise science? What is allied healthcare
- Umbrella term that involves
- Physical activity
- Exercise
- Sport
- Athletic performance
- Groups of healthcare professionals
- Physical therapists
- Athletic trainers
What pathways does the body use to replenish ATP?
- Creatine phosphate
- Anaerobic Glycolysis
- Cellular Respiration (Aerobic Pathway)
Differences between physical activity, exercise and sport?
- Physical activity: Activities of daily living including all movement that humans perform
- Exercise: Structured movement process for the purpose of improving fitness and performance
- Sport: Movement in structured and organized activities that involve a competitive aspect
Which two systems work together to control the body?
- Nervous system: controls systems of the body
- Endocrine system: hormones, longer-lasting effects
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- Provides support
- Protects the internal organs
- Assists body movements
- Mineral Homeostasis - Stores and releases calcium and phosphorus
- Participates in blood cell production
What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
How are hormones regulated?
- Via negative feedback
- Only a few operate via positive feedback
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