Lecture title - Cell injury and death
22 important questions on Lecture title - Cell injury and death
What is the difference between physiological and pathological hyperplasia?
Pathological hyperplasia = excessive or inappropriate actions of hormones or growth factors
What are the results of physiological hyperplasia?
What is the difference between dividing cells and non-dividing cells?
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Explain how smoking causes metaplasia
Under which condition is dysplasia reversible?
What are the two possible morphological changes observed in reversible cell injury?
2. Fatty change / steatosis
What is fatty change/steatosis?
In which organs is fatty change/steatosis observed in?
What is intracellular deposits?
Where can intracellular deposits be found?
2. Organelles (such as lysosomes)
3. Nucleus
What are the mechanisms of abnormal lipid deposition in cells?
2. Cholesterol deposition
What are the mechanisms of abnormal pigment deposition in cells?
What are the two main types of pathological calcification?
2. Metastatic calcification - calcium deposition in tissues due to hypercalcaemia (too much blood calcium)
What causes energy failure in cells?
What cause failure of membrane functional integrity in cells?
What causes membrane damage in cells?
What causes DNA damage or loss?
What causes blockage of metabolic pathways?
What are the 3 steps/patterns of nuclear changes for DNA and chromatin breakdown in necrosis?
2. Karyorrhexis = nuclear fragmentation
3. Karyolysis = nuclear dissolution
What is the common cause of coagulative necrosis?
What is caseous necrosis?
Explain how acute pancreatitis involves fat necrosis
2. Necrosis of adipose tissues by enzymes = free fatty acids binding to calcium ions
3. Fat saponification = formation of visible chalky white areas from fat + calcium binding
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