Multifactorial traits

18 important questions on Multifactorial traits

What is multifactorial inheritance?

Inheritance that involves an environmental factor as well as genes in human phenotype variation.

What is polygenic inheritance?

When phenotype traits like eye colour and hair colour are controlled by many genes.

What is monogenic disorder?

A monogenic disease is a hereditary disorder that results from mutations occurring in a single gene.
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What is an example of a monogenic disorder?

Cystic fibrosis.

What does it mean when genetic factors are causative?

That means that if you have the genetic variant you have the disease.

What are multifactorial/polygenic diseases?

When a condition requires multiple genetic factors to manifest and are often influenced by many environmental factors.

What are examples of multifactorial traits?

Weight, hight, intelligence, behaviour and aging.

How do you calculate the concordance rate?

The amount of pairs both affected / the amount of pairs with one was affected + the amount of pairs both affected.

How do you calculate the heritability of a trait based on difference between twin correlations?

By 2 x( identical twin correlation - fraternal twin correlation).

What is the heritability when MZ twins: 70 out of 100 have the same disease: concordance rate = 70/100 (rmz) = 0,7
DZ twins: 30 out of 100 have the same disease: concordance rate = 30/100 (rdz) = 0,3

Heritability = 2 x (0,7 - 0,3) = 2 x 0,4 = 0,8 = 80%

Why is the manic depression so high in concordance?

It is a outlier, since there are low numbers of MZ twins with this disease, they have a big influence.

What are genome wide association studies?

Observational studies of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait.

What method can be used in a GWAS to analyze the SNPs?

An array analysis.

What is a polygenic risk score (PRS)?

A single value estimate of an individual's genetic liability to a trait or disease.

What is the odds ratio?

A measure of association between an allele A and a second allele B in a population.

What does the odds ratio tell you?

How the presence or absence of allele A has an effect on the presence or absence of allele B.

How is the odds ratio calculated?

(a x d) / (b x c)

When do you use the odds ratio?

When calculating a case-control

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