Electoral systems - Proportional systems - List PR

11 important questions on Electoral systems - Proportional systems - List PR

What is the general gist of proportional party systems?

Small parties ought to be represented, doesn't overly benefit larger parties

How does a quota-list-PR-system divide seats?

It sets a certain price per seat (talking in capitalist terms) --> quota per seat.

How does the Hagenbach-Bischoff-quota set the 'price-per-seat' (vote per seat)?

Hagenbach-Bischoff = seats + 1
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Which quota system benefits smaller parties more?

Hare-quota benefits smaller parties more!

Why would a country opt to go for the reinforced imperiali-quota?

A country would opt to go for the reinforced imperiali-quota to not get too much fragmentation

What is the difference between quota- and divider list-PR-systems? Explain with an example of ten seats to distribute?

Divider list-PR-systems divide the votes of the parties by a certain amount of numbers: 1, 2 ...:

Eventually you get remainders. If there are 10 seats to distributes we look at the 10 highest remainders, they get the seats!

We have seen three divider-systems, namely: d'Hondt, Sainte-Laguë, Modified Saint-Laguë.

Rank them from most to least proportional

  1. D'Hondt
  2. Modified Saint-Laguë
  3. Saint-Laguë

What is the difference between d'Hondt and Imperiali divider system?

D'Hondt starts its dividers with 1 and follows from there all natural numbers. Imperiali starts its dividers with 2. Imperiali system thus benefits larger parties more!

What is the difference between Modified Saint-Laguë and Saint-Laguë-system?

Modified? Slightly more proportional: starts from 1.4 and follows all odd numbers

Normal: slightly less proportional: starts from 1 and follows all odd numbers

What are the two general steps in seat-allocation in list-PR-systems?

Step 1: seats per party
Step 2: seats per candidate

What are the two general steps in seat-allocation in list-PR-systems?

Step 1: seats per party
Step 2: seats per candidate

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