Read the summary and the most important questions on Marine Resource Management

• 1 Introduction and state of the world

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• What is the goal of the ecosystem approach (EAS)?

  To maintain ecosystem structure and functioning under exploitation of specific parts of the ecosystem

• What are the subsystems of SES?

  - Resource system = ecological characteristics of ecosystem
  - Resource units = Characteristics of resource
  - Management or governance system
  - Users of resource and other stakeholders

• What is an subsistence element?

  Fish is for local household consumption

• What is the goal of world fisheries?

  Reaching MSY

• What is unsustainable fishing?

  Abundance is lower than the level that can produce the MSY = overfished

• Which types of levels of fishing are there?

  • Underexploited: Up to 10% of maximum catch = underfished
    
  • Moderately exploited: 10-50% = underfished
  • Fully exploited: Exploited at MSY = fully fished
  • Overexploited: 50-10% of maximum beyond MSY = overfished
  • Depleted: Beyond MSY, crashed when below 10% of maximal recorded level = overfished
  • Recovering: Still pressure but recovering from low state = overfished 

• What is the Kobe plot?

  - Biomass relative to exploitation rate 
  - Where lines cross = maximum annual production of stock is taken

• 2 Structure of fishery system

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• What are the components of fishery systems?

  • Natural system
    
  • Fish, ecosystem and biophysical environment
  • Human system
  • Fishers, post-harvest sectors, consumers, fishing households and communities  + social/economic/cultural environment
  • Fishery management system
  • Policy and planning, management, development and research

• What is spacial scale?

  - size (geographically and administratively) 
  - Important for determining boundaries and management system
  - Determines the interactions between components and is dependent on the question

• What are other apporaches to characterise fishery systems?

  Fisheries can also be characterized using:
  - Geographically location
  - Type of ecosystem
  - Physical environment
  - Depth of water
  - Nature and behaviors of harvesters
  - Socio-economic environment