Summary: Medical Biochemistry
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Medical Biochemistry
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Overview of human metabolism
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What are the three stages of catabolism?
- Breakdown of complex molecules to their component building blocks
- Conversion of building blocks to acetyl CoA
- Metabolism of acetyl CoA to CO2 and formation of ATP
- Breakdown of complex molecules to their component building blocks
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What are free energy carriers?
- ATP
- GTP
- NAD(P)H
- FADH
- ATP
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What metabolites can be converted to acetyl CoA?
- Fatty acids
- Ketone bodies
- Sugar (via pyruvate)
- Pyruvate
- Amino Acids (via pyruvate)
- Ethanol
- Fatty acids
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What is homeostasis when speaking of ATP?
You produce as much ATP as needed. -
What do you know if the efficiency of a reaction is less than 100%?
Then heat is generated. -
What happens when ATP synthase (ATPase) stops?
When ATPase stops the proton gradient builds up and oxidative phosphorylation comes to a complete stop. -
How is ATPase regulated?
ATPase uses energy from the proton gradient to produce ATP. When all ADP is converted to ATP, ATPase stops. -
What happens with excess acetyl CoA when there is sufficient ATP?
Excess acetyl CoA is converted to fatty acids and then triglycerides -
Pyruvate acts as a metabolic hub, what can pyruvate be converted into?
- Alanine
- Ethanol (fermentation in micro organisms)
- Acetyl CoA
- Oxaloacetate
- Lactate
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Carbohydrate and glucose metabolism
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How many glucose is used each day?
160-200 gram
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