Read the summary and the most important questions on Methodes and techniques 2

• CH 3 & 4

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• What is the iterative process?

  
  
  
   write and delete, increase in knowledge to continue the search, always look again for information. A repeated process to find information, each time getting closer to the goal 

• What is a research philosophy?

  
  
  
  Research philosophy consist of important assumptions about the way in which you look at the world. This is the basis of your research strategy and methods. Research philosophy is focused on knowledge and wisdom. A system of beliefs and assumptions about the development of knowledge.

• What are the three main types of research philosophies?

  
  
  
  

  1. Ontology→this concerns researcher’s’ assumptions about the nature of the world and reality. (is de werkelijkheid die je onderzoekt objectief of is het een menselijke constructie)
     
  2. Epistemology→concerns assumptions about knowledge (Welke criteria zijn van belang om tot goede wetenschappelijke eindresultaten te komen?)
     
  3. Axiology→concerns value judgements. (Bestudeert waardeoordelen) 
     

• Can you further explain the different approaches of Ontology?

  
  
  
  

  • Ontology is the philosophical study of being: = your view
    
  • Objectivism= Focused on the discovery of truth by means of observable, measurable facts. (nerves can be controlled)
    
  • Subjectivism = incorporates assumptions of the arts of humanities. (nerves cannot be controlled)
    
  • Pragmatism = making a choice from the research question (often mixed methods) 
    

• Ch 1 & 2

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• What are the 4 most well known types of research?

  
  
  
  Fundamental research = focus on knowledge problems/developing a scientific theory. Applied research = solving problems.
  Quantitative research = numerical information.
  Qualitative research = unique information. 

• What is meant with the delphi method? How does it work?

  
  
  
  According to the Delphi method, all ideas have to written down individually and anonymously. These ideas are then distributed among all the members. This is followed by another anonymous round. The best idea then gets selected. 

• CH 5&6

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• What are the two main approaches of research?

  
  
  
  

  1. Deductive→Testing a theory (Quantitative, starting with a theory and assessing it)
     
  2. Inductive→Creating new theory (Qualitative, starting with data and building a theory from it) 
     

• Mention the different research strategies

  
  
  
  

  1. Experiment = to study the probability of a change in variables
     
  2. Survey = using questionnaires to collect quantitative information 
     
  3. Case study = in-depth research into a topic
     
  4. Action research = about solving problems and the researcher is part of the organization.
     The action process (Iterative process) consists of: Diagnosing, planning, take action, evaluating)
     
  5. Grounded theory = theory building
     
  6. Ethnography (often observation) = describe and explain a group, society or organization in its social (culture) 
     and/or cultural habitat. Often through observation. Highly descriptive and qualitative.
     
  7. Archival research = study of administrative records. 
     

• mention 3 research quality's

  
  
  
  

  • Reliability = reproducibility and consistency. No systematic errors which means the study could be done at the same time or a different time and still have similar results. (herhaalbaarheid)
    
  • Validity = measuring what you want to measure (legitimacy = geldigheid)
    
  • Generalizability =Widely applicable. Conclusions can be translated into other situations and groups.
    

• What is a research ethic?

  
  
  
  

  1. Ethics is the correctness of your behavior in relation to the rights of those who are subject to you or who will experience the effects. Examples of ethical issues are privacy, permission by participants, the objectivity of the researcher and confidentiality and anonymity.